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INTRODUCTION TO MEMORY - Coggle Diagram
INTRODUCTION TO MEMORY
What is Memory?Memory: processes involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) stated that Memory is an integrated system that processes information & Memory has a limited capacity
Memory is an integrated system that processes information :Acquire, store, and retrieve information and Components of memory do not act in isolation. & Memory has a limited capacity : Limited space, Limited Resources, Limited time
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Short-Term Memory
How much amounts of information can be stored? : small amounts of information can be stored for a brief duration
Include both of what information and from where?: Includes both new information received from the sensory stores and information recalled from long-term memory.
Who conducted the experiment to measure short-term memory?: Peterson and Peterson's (1959) How did they conducted the experiment?: 1. Read 3 letters then a number, 2. Begin counting backwards by three's and 3. After a set time, recall 3 letters.
When Short-Term Memory is prevented from rehearsal, how long does it last?:
15-20 seconds.
When does Proactive interference (PI) occur:
occurs when information learned previously interferes with learning new information
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Working Memory
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Meaning of Working Memory: limited capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning and reasoning
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What are included in Phonological loop, based on Baddeley's working memory model?
What is the Word-Length effect?: Memory for lists of words is better for short words than for long words. It takes longer to rehearse long words and to produce them during recall.
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What is Articulatory suppresion?: Prevents one from rehearsing items to be remembered, such as reduces memory span, eliminates word-length effect and reduces phonological similarity effect for reading words.
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WM is set up to process different types of information simultaneously. WM has trouble when similar types of information are presented at the same time
Working Memory and Brain
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Individual Differences
Studied by Vogel et al. (2005) where they determined that participant's WM consist of
–High-capacity WM group
–Low-capacity WM group
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The Central Executive
Attention controller: Focus, divide, switch attention
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