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Year 8 Hass Civics and Citizenship - Coggle Diagram
Year 8 Hass Civics and Citizenship
Week 3
Customary Law
The customary law of Indigenous Australians varied between nations and language groups just like their languages and other customs. These customary laws have developed over generations to determine a system of order and discipline for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Type of customary laws: These rules included guidelines on what food could be eaten, how food could be shared, who a person could marry, and what people’s roles and responsibilities in the community were.
Civil law
Civil law protects individuals. It typically deals with disputes between individuals (including corporations or government bodies) over an action (or lack of action) that results in loss or harm.
Difference: Civil law deals with disputes private conduct between individuals, organisations and government agencies. Unlike criminal law, most civil laws are found in common law rather than statute law.
Criminal Law
Criminal law refers to the group of laws that have been put in place to protect us from harm.
Serious offences are known as indictment offences, which means they must go to trial in court and will be punished more severely. Less serious offences are known as summary or simple offences and are generally dealt with quickly by the court or police.
court will consider: A guilty act and a guilty mind. There must be a guilty act, which means that the law was broken (such as stealing a bike). There must also be a guilty mind, which means that the person accused of the crime intended to break the law (it wasn't just an accident).
Process
Going to court: Person goes to court for a crime referred as criminal trial. Person who is accused also called defendant.
Jury system: Jury is made up of a group of 12 to 18 random citizens who are selected to help in deciding on the outcome of a trial. Once the jury has gone through the selection process, the prosecution and defence will present their cases and evidence to them.
Accused of crime: If the accused person is found guilty of a crime, they will be punished by the court. This is done for a number of reasons. To prevent the criminal from committing the crime again.
Week 1
What is democracy
A democracy is a system of government run by the people, for the people, originated in Greece. A direct democracy involves citizens meeting together to make laws for their society. Most democratic societies, citizens are involved in the running of society by electing people who will represent them in government
6 Concepts of civics and citizenship
Westminster System
Form of government originating from United Kingdom
Justice
Concept of justice in Australia ultimately means people should treat others in a manner that is fair and balanced.
Democratic Values
Beliefs and ideals that are held by our society as democracy.
Participation
The way good citizens contribute in society .
Democracy
System of government run by the people for the people.
Rights and Responisbilities
Our entitlements and duties as citizens.
Introduction to C & C
Citizenship: The act or status of being a citizen of a society
Civics: Study Rights and Responsibilities of citizens within a society or country, and how the government works
Rights & Responsibilities
Rights are freedoms we have that are protected by our laws. Responsibilities are duties or things that we should do. In order to be good citizens, or members of a community,
Right to vote. trial by jury etc.
Responsible for voting in elections, pay taxes etc.
Key terms
Citizenship: The act or status of being a citizen of a society
Civics: Study Rights and Responsibilities of citizens within a society or country, and how the government works
Government: Made up of party coalition that has won a majority of seats in the lower house parliament
Multiculturalism: The way of people of many different cultures, races and religions live peacefully with one another as equals.
Parliament: The national or state law-making body that is made up of elected representatives in both the upper and lower houses with a head of state; in Australia, the national parliament is referred to as the Commonwealth or federal parliament .
Parliamentary democracy: a system of government where people elect representatives to parliament in order to make laws which reflect the views of the majority of views of the majority of the voters
Week 2
Why do we need laws? So everyone stays civilized and protects us and others safe.
Legal vs Non-legal laws. Legal laws are created by the government. Non-Legal rules that are created by private individuals or groups in society, such as parents and schools.
Examples: Legal law, you cannot harm another individual. Non-Legal, no swearing.
Common Law
Laws created by the judges s decision sets a precedent, in this context means that any similar cases in the future should be dealt with in the same way.
Common law is created when a judge has to make a ruling about a case that is not covered by statutory law.
Common law is made by judges in a court, using precedent decisions made in previous similar cases.
Statutory Law
Statutory laws are those that are made and passed by parliament.
Example: The state parliament can only pass laws affecting their own state, such as the legal driving age in that state.
Path of the bill through parliament
Lower House/Upper house
Lower house: 1st reading: Introduced to the house. 2nd reading: Members debate on the main idea of the bill. House Committee: Public inquiry. Consideration in detail: Discuss bill in detail. 3rd reading: Vote bill in final form. Bill passed.
Upper house: 1st reading: bill introduced. 2nd reading: Debate and vote on bill. Senate committee: Public inquiry. Committee of the whole: Discuss bill in detail. 3rdd reading: Vote on bill in final form. Bill passed.
Governor General
Signs bill, becomes act of Parliament.
Week 4
Test1
Test revision
Week 5
Freedoms
Important:: Freedom allows people to act and express themselves in whatever way they feel, so long as it does not infringe upon the rights of others.
Speech: Freedom of speech allows a person to actively participate in Australia’s democracy by voicing their opinions publicly about any topic within the bounds of laws. Example: We are allowed to protest without fear and punishment.
Religion: Australians are free to practice their many different faiths or, to practice no religion at all. It is important to remember that the rules of any given religion cannot override Australian.
Assembly: Assembly allows people to meet in groups for social or political purposes. A group of people can come together to express their opinions in a protest as long as it does not turn violent or break laws such as trespassing.
Association: Free to join or form any group or organization that they wish to, as long as the main activities of the group are legal.
Movement: Australia is considered by many as a land of opportunity but it does not restrict those who wish to seek opportunities elsewhere. A citizen can travel freely to all states and territories in Australia and also leave and re-enter Australia.
Week 6
Essay practice
Essay on freedoms