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Philosophical Perspective - Coggle Diagram
Philosophical Perspective
Popular figures
Plato
Father of Idealism
Introduce Idealism as he mentioned that there are two worlds: spiritual/mental world (unchanging and absolute truth) and appearance world (the world that can be experienced through sight, touch, smell and sound)
Reasoning with what are the qualities that are missing in our lives
The characters that are portrayed by the author can be a role model to the readers: imitating the characters of heroes (as an ideal of what the qualities that we are looking for)
Philosophical approach analyze the moral and the idea of work, opposers of the approach believe that literature should be basely on the artistic value, not on morals
Aristotle
Introduce Realism as he believed that the existing world only the physical world
Focused on object.
Teach logic as rational thought for ultimate purpose of human mankind
References: Philosophical perspective in education. (1999). Retrieved from
https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/PP2.html
Characteristics
Axiology: What is the nature of values?
Is morality defined by our actions, or by what is in our hearts?
What values should be taught in character education?
Sub-branches
Ethics
What is good or evil? What is right or wrong?
Study of human conduct and examines moral values
Aesthetics
Values beauty, nature and aesthetic experience
What we ought to do and what a good life is?
Metaphysics: What is the nature of reality?
The study of all of reality, visible and invisible
How?
1) How do we determine what is true?
2) What is the difference between knowledge and belief?
3) Do our experiences and ability to reason give us knowledge?
What exists and how it exists?
Epistemology: What is the nature of knowledge?
It refers to assumptions about knowledge and how it can be obtained
How knowledge is connected with truth, belief and justification
What can we know and how do we know?
References
Campbell, E. (2016). Philosophical Perspective World Philosophies. Philosophy and Education Education is inextricably intertwined with a passion to understand. Both philosophy. - ppt download. Retrieved from
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10003237/
Mohan, M. (2014). Philosophy ppt. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/meghamj/philosophy-ppt-autosaved
Components
Idealism
Believes that ideas are the only true reality, the only thing worth knowing (Cohen, M., 1999).
In literature, idealism refers to the thoughts or ideas of the writer (Taneja, V. R., 1995)
Realism
Believes that reality exists independent of the human mind. The truth is objective: what can be observed (Cohen, M., 1999).
In literature, it is a literary movement characterized by the representation of real life. Character is more important than plot and reject symbolism and romanticizing of subject.
Pragmatism
Only those things that are experienced and observed are real. Thoughts must produce action, not only linger in the mind (Cohen, M., 1999).
In literature, pragmatism puts the judgement of a literary work on its effect in an audience, the way the literary work creating a beauty on the reader's mind (Yildirim, I., 2014)
Believes that reality is constantly changing and that we learn best through applying our experiences and thoughts to problems, as they arise (Cohen, M., 1999)
Existentialism
In literature, existential protagonists are often lonely, anxiety ridden characters who are trying to make sense of lives, or who are trying to retain their courage in spite of the fact that the universe cares nothing for those things we call beautiful and good (Russell, D., 2015)
The nature of reality is subjective. It lies within individual (Cohen, M., 1999)
It is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice.
Philosophy
Philosophers debate key questions about the nature of reality and often discuss questions which cannot be answered with a simple answer.
Philosophical questions are often 'the big questions' about life that do not have concrete answer.
The search for wisdom or knowledge (Taken from Greek ancient)
In modern world, philosophy means about a willingness to pursue the possible truth and value of ideas and the evidence for them, does not matter it is initially strsange to them (Garlikov. R., 2015)