Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
growth hormone deficiency - Coggle Diagram
growth hormone deficiency
anatomy of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
structures determines what functions can take place
brain
midbrain (mesencephalon)
hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
forebrain (prosencephalon)
telencephalon
cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
diencephalon
hypothalamus
thalamus
pituitary gland
relations
anterio-superiorly
optic chiasm
in case of pituitary tumor that causes pressure on the central part of optic chiasma
loss of right and left temporal fields of vision
optic nerve
2nd cranial nerve
posteriorly
dorsum sellae
basilar artery
pons
mammillary bodies
inferiorly
sphenoidal air sinuses
laterally
cavernous sinuses and its content
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
Abducens nerve
6th cranial nerve
trochlear nerve
4th cranial nerve
maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
5th cranial nerve
in case of pituitary tumor that causes pressure on cavernous sinus
these nerves will become compressed
1 more item...
internal carotid artery become compressed
oculomotor nerve
3rd cranial nerve
internal carotid artery
superiorly
diaphragma sellae
skull and face bones
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
body
optic canal
greater wing
foramen ovale
foramen rotundum
foramen spinosum
lesser wing
butterfly-shaped
pterygoid process
medial plate
lateral plate
sella turcica
hypophyseal fossa
the deepest part of the sella turcica
where the pituitary gland is located
tuberculum sellae
forms the anterior wall
dorsum sellae
forms the posterior wall
chiasmatic groove
formed by the optic chiasm
where the optic nerves partially cross
temporal
parietal
occipital
zygomatic
maxilla
nasal
lacrimal
mandible
investigations for abnormal growth and development
to diagnose the patient with
X-ray for bone density dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
X-ray for bone age (left hand)
blood tests
GHRH-arginine test
insulin tolerance test
GH level
IGF-1 and IGFBP-3
brain MRI
causes of growth hormone deficiency
thus the need to know how to perform
severe head injury
infection
radiation
postpartum hemorrhage
non-functioning pituitary adenomas
physiology of pituitary gland
abnormality in the function indicate a disorder
hypothalamus hormones
CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone)
GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone)
GHIH (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone)
anterior pituitary gland hormones
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
GH (growth hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
LH (luteinizing hormone)
PRL (prolactin)
posterior pituitary gland hormones
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
oxytocin
growth hormone deficiency
then treat the patient
signs of growth hormone deficiency
greater sensitivity to heat and cold
reduced bone density
less muscle
a higher level of body fat
changes in the make up of the blood cholesterol
fatigue
anxiety and depression
physical examination for abnormal growth and development
and the
proportionality
upper to lower segments ratio
arm span
pubertal status
height / weight / head circumference
signs for specific syndromes
development and growth milestones
what are the structures that are responsible for this
normal weight for age velocity
normal height / length for age velocity
weight for height / length
useful in detecting malnutrition in children less than 5 years of age
Head circumference
used for microcephaly and macrocephaly screening, especially during the first 3 years of life
growth charts
it is important to know what milestones happens in each stage in a child's life
such as grasps
Raking grasp
using the fingers other than the thumb like a rake
7-8 months
pincer grasp
the coordination of the index finger and thumb to hold an item (opposition) (pinching)
9 months
palmar grasp
bringing the fingers in toward the palm
4-6 months
causes of abnormal growth
which might result from
familial short stature
constitutional growth delay and precocious puberty
endocrine disease
genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities
intrauterine growth restriction
skeletal abnormalities
malnutrition
idiopathic
treatment for growth hormone deficiency
taking the side effects into consideration
sermorelin
mecasermine
recombinant somatotropin
side effects of treatment for growth hormone deficiency
and also it is important to treat psychological issues related if present
side effects of recombinant somatotropin
diabetes
edema
high cholesterol level
contribute to the growth of cancerous tumors
nerve, muscle and joint pain
side effects of sermorelin
difficulty in swallowing
headache
injection site reaction
side effects of mecasermine
thickening of facial skin
easy bruising
dizziness
psychological aspects in parenting clinically ill children
so we can manage the
depression
somatization
general distress
fatalism toward the illness
avoidant coping strategies