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Changing working opportunities and conditions (1939-79) - Coggle Diagram
Changing working opportunities and conditions (1939-79)
Changes in the workplace
Growth in white-collar sectors was because of higher disposable incomes which meant more spending on goods like meals at restaurants which created more jobs
Government increased spending on services like health and education
There was growth in white collar jobs
Decline in importance of 'masculine' blue-collared employment gave job opportunities to women
Falls in numbers of miners and shipwrights
Managerial structure in white collar firms were less distant than in industry
War played a role in more jobs - 33% of civilians were involved in war work (7m were women)
Factories bombed down due to WW2
Changing role of women in the workplace
WW2 gave more job opportunities for women
Changes in education provided a level playing field
1960s - 1/3 of women were still teenagers when they got married
Social changes allowed women to work more
Very few women went to university and there was a minority of women who studied science, engineering, medicine or law
Women went on strike for three weeks and closed factories in Liverpool and East London (Ford) and won a pay deal of over 90% of men's rates
Marriage bar meant married women stopped work to look after the house and children
Equal pay act 1970 called for equal pay - 80% claimed that work men and women did was different.
Until 1972, most working class girls left school at 15
Sex Discrimination Act 1975 made it illegal to treat workers of one gender less favourable - expensive for women to bring discrimination claims to court
Employment Protection Act 1975 - illegal to sack women because they were pregnant - maternity pay
women were still lower-paid, lower-skilled and in part time jobs - underrepresented in management positions
1970s unemplyoment
Downturn in car-producing factories
Decline in heavy industry - unemployment in areas in the North, midlands and Scotland
1972 - unemployment rose to 2 million
War time employment
Shortage of skilled workers e.g engineering and shipbuilding
September 1939 - Control of Employment Act - semi-skilled workers undertake formerly skilled jobs
People were tied to jobs considered essential for the war effort
More women involved in the war effort
Bevin issued an Essential Work Order in March 1941