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Chapter 19: Nutritional Aspect of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease -…
Chapter 19: Nutritional Aspect of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease
Gingivitis
characterized by inflammation, swelling, changes in contour or consistency, presence of plaque biofilm or calculus or both , no evidence of attachment loss, and BOP
gingival disease may ne an indication of metabolic disease, such as diabetes
a lack of nutrients does not cause gingival inflammation but may be a predisposing factor by disrupting the process of tissue repair
Periodontal Disease
chronic , inflammatory, and infectious disease .
Result of loss of CT and alveolar bone
Chronic Periodontitis
CAL- Clinical attachment loss- separation of collagen fibers from the cementum and apical movement of the junctional epithelium onto the root surface
Purulent exudates- drainage of fluids form the gingival sulcus
Physical Effects of Food on Periodontal Health
Food Consumption
classes of macronutrients and micronutrients that have physiological roles in growth, maintenance, and repari include carbohydrates, protiens, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water
Food Consistency
another factor affecting periodontal health is the texture of food, chewing firm, coarse, and fibrous foods stimulates salivary flow
Nutritional Involvement in Periodontal Disease
Patients dietary intake plays a role in periodontal health, directly and indirectly affecting:
-growth and development, maintenance, and repair of the periodontium.
-amount and type of supragingival plaque biofilm
-inflammation and immune response for optimal healing
-amount and type of saliva
-host resistance to decrease the susceptibility
Nutritional Directions
optimal nutrient intake impacts the growth, development, maintenance and repair of periodontium throughout the life cycle
encourage nutrient dense foods that are not retentive .
Encourage a variety of foods, including foods and beverages rich in vitamin C
Poor nutrient intake is not the sole reason for periodontal disease. It is one risk factor that can affect the severity and extent of the disease
Bland Diet for patients with Ulcerations
Foods and Fluids to Avoid
-Caffeine containing beverages, alcohol, peppermint, chocolate. Black and red pepper, chili pepper, chili powder, acidic foods, and citric foods
Necrotizing Periodontal Disease
NUG & NUP are classified as acute periodontal diseases and are prevalent in young adults
Nutrient deficiencies are contributing factors to NUG because of lowered host resistance.
For example, protein or vitamin C or B complex deficienty
Tobacco Cessation
In the oral cavity, tobacco uses increases the risk of periodontal disesae, oral cancers, leukoplakia, hairy tongue, delayed healing, failure of dental implants, loss of taste and smell, malodor, and extrinsic staining
the addictive ingredient in cigarrettes is nicotine, Nicotine is a stimulant that increases the heart rate and blood pressure
All forms of tobacco have health consequences
Pharmacotherapy for Tobacco Cessation
Nicotine Replacement:
Gum, Lozenges, Patch, Nasall spray, Inhaler
Nonnicotine Replacement:
Bupropion, Clonidine, Nortiptyline, Varenicline
Combination Therapy