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non neighbours - Coggle Diagram

- - - - i - post colonial states to have independent foreign policy
      - US
        
        didn't recognise NAM
        
        you are either with us or against us
    - - meaning
        
        extending country's power by use of force or other means
      - i against it
      - US's actions in line with it
    - - wrt i
        
        ideological similarities
        
        anti imperialism
        
        planned - socialistic dev model
        
        i-USSR friendship and cooperation treaty 1971
        
        signed to counter US's support to pak in 1971 war
        
        criticism by world: violates NAM
        
        i's stand: not a military alliance
      - US's rival
    - - wrt US
        
        joined US bloc
        
        supported in 1971 war
      - i's rival
  - - - unipolar world - post cold war
      - US wanted to fill vacuum - 2000 - US president (bill clinton) visited i after 22 year
    - - huge incoming of foreign capital esp from US
      - boost to US supported capitalism ideology
    - - skilled professionals (esp IT sector) went to US (esp silicon valley)
      - beneficial for both countries
    - - 2001- 9/11
        
        US launched "war on terror"
        
        i fully supported - US uplifted sanctions made after pokhran 2 test
      - dec 2001
        
        i's parliament attack
        
        US supported
      - 2008 - 26/11
        
        US sent forensic experts
    - - US blamed pak for kargil war (but didn't support i either)
    - - both countries to benefit from partnership
      - nuclear treaty
        
        2005 - i-US signed 'civil-nuclear agreement'
      - 2010 - obama supports i's demand of permanent seat to security council
  - - - COMCASA
        
        communication compatibility and security agreement
        
        indian version of CISMOA
        
        signed in 2018 2+2 dialogue
        
        allows US to transfer communication security equipments to i
        
        issues
        
        US may access i's tactical info
        
        integrating with existing russian security system may be challenging
      - GSOMIA
        
        general security of military info agreement
        
        signed in 2002
        
        allows US's govt & defence manufacturers to share classified info with i's govt & public defence manufacturers
        
        enables industry to industry co-development and co-prodn in defence sector
        
        ISA
        
        industrial security annexure
        
        signed in 2nd 2+2 dialogue
        
        covers GSOMIA to i's private defence manufacturers
      - LEMOA
        
        logistics exchange MoA
        
        signed in 2016
        
        allows both militaries access to each others' military facilities - refuelling, replenishment
        
        access isnt automatic or obligatory
      - BECA
        
        basic exchange and cooperation agreement
        
        allows both to share geospatial and satellite data with each other
        
        data - weather, military advances, landscape etc
    - - DTTI
        
        defence technology and trade initiative
        
        started in 2012
        
        not a treaty or law
        
        aim
        
        to develop defence relation ie limited only by independent strategic decisions, rather than bureaucratic obstacles or inefficient procedures
        
        co-prodn and co-dev of advanced technologies, focus: defence
        
        industry to industry framework
        
        under DTTI
        
        to estd mechanism for dialogue b/w US & i's defence companies & govts on defence tech and industrial cooperation
      - Strategic Energy Partnership
        
        in 2017
        
        4 pillars
        
        oil and gas
        
        Sustainable growth
        
        renewable growth
        
        power and energy efficiency
        
        PACE - partnership to advance clean energy in 2009
      - 2015 framework for US- India DEfence Relationship
      - Joint Strategic Vision for Asia Pacific and IOR
  - - - 1st meet - sept 2018
      - same dialogue with japan and australia
    - - official meeting b/w
        foreign & defence ministers of i & US
    - - outcomes
        
        signing of ISA
        
        US agreed to join CDRI - coalition for disaster resilient infra
        
        dev on DTTI SoP
        
        SSA agreement
        
        space situational awareness - keeping track of objects in orbit and predicting where they will be at any given time
        
        to cooperate for exchange of information wrt SSA
        
        signing of water agreement
        
        promote technical cooperation in water resources management and water technology
        
        signing of S&T agreement, 2019
        
        updates and replaces the 2005 Agreement
        
        provides framework for S&T collaboration
        
        YIIP
        
        young Innovators internship programme
        
        to create short-term internship opportunities in US for Indian students at post-secondary level or recent graduates
    - - India - US commercial dialogue -2019
      - India - US Economic and Financial Partnership
      - India - US trade policy forum
      - India - US strategic Energy partnership
      - I_U Homeland Security dialogue
  - - - China factor - US needs Chinese co-operations in areas like CC
      - India's purchase of S-400 from Russia - can attract CAATSA
      - Trade- Cancellation of India's GSP status(exports cost to US increases)-making Indian products less competitive over other countries products
      - Afghanistan
        
        India is supporting their civilian govt and US - ready to mediate with Talibans but not India. US may seek more support from Pak to liberate itself from Afghanistan war crisis
    - - Capitalising on other areas of Indo - US engagement like QUAD to gain an exception from CAATSA can be done
      - wrt S400
        
        by breater dimplomatic engagement - invoke the execption clause in CAATSA that has been reserved for friendly nation s
        
        emphaisize that India was on talks with RUssia regarding S400 even b4 CAATSA was enacted in 2017
  - - - Business partnerships will ensure shipping, distribution and last mile connectivity of vaccines and medicines
      - strengthening our IPR laws, reviving US India Health Dialogue and mutually recognising standards
    - - stregthnening macro trade architecture
      - resolving issues in market access and GSP
      - US- trade reform policy forum can help in resolving the Market access issues
    - - need for implemenataion of immigration reforms
      - Clearing visa backlogs in smooth and timely manner
      - Updating MoU on labour cooperation - 2011
      - Trump era's immigration laws - impacted the service sector in India which heavily relies on labour mobility
    - - US tech combined with Indian mfging = dil garden garden ho jayeaga
    - - smaller US companies can find opportunities for investments in India
      - source of raw material from India
      - estalishment of US-India SME CEO;s fourm can catalyse such partenreship
    - - need to boost joint investment in US - India Strategic Enegy PArtnesrship for industrial decarbonization, co2 remoaval and green hydrogen
      - Partnership to Advance CLean energy research, Partnership to clean energy Deployment and promoting energy acess through clean energy must be relaunched
    - - both i and us lead in field of robotics, AI, e- vehicles, space- so collab in these - mutually benficial + can boost trade also
- - - - goods
      - services
      - movt of natural persons
      - investments
      - IPR
      - Custom Procedures
    - - eg - Ahmdabad- Mumbai high speed rail
      - Western Dedicated Freight Corridor
      - Delhi - Mumbai Industrial Corridor
      - India - largest recepient of Japanese Official Dev Loans
- - - - in gurugram
      - funding - 1 million each annually
- - - - Rising Syrian crisis - immigrants from war torn country started getting into Britain
      - Under EU policy - had to allow immigrants - not liked by Britain - as threatens security + filling of local jobs
- - - - crude oil, natural gas, uranium - energy security
      - copper, gold, iron - industrial needs
  - - - 2012
      - covers
        
        political, eco & security coop
        
        cultural relations
        
        regional connectivity
    - - natural gas pipeline
      - turkmenistan-afganistan-pak-i
      - from galkynish gas fields in turk. to i
    - - international north south transport
      - multimodal transport network - ship, road, rail
      - i-ca-russia-europe etc
    - - transit (of people & goods) corridor
      - members
        
        founders - oman, iran, turkmenistan, uzbekistan
        
        later joined - kazakhstan, pak, i
    - - air corridors - for trade esp perishable goods
- - - - i.e disengagement from EU eg Brexit
    - - France fav greater control over security
      - Germany, Netherlands, Portugal - against building larger military
- - - - both have already taken leadership in global fight against covidc- eg of shared vison
      - both nations already collaborated in area of traditional medicine
      - take more initiatives to improve cooperation
    - - India must share and adapt biofriendly tech via agreements and trasnfer of knowlede - help in dealing with air pollution and enhance farmers income
      - joint research and dev in field of organic farming should be promoted
    - - people to people connect should be deepned - touroism sector shououd be leveraged esp - buddhist pilgrimage
    - - I should provide hige markets to provide Taiwan with investtment opportunities
      - new opportunities can be created by combining semiconductirs and electronice (TAiwan worldleader) and India;s leaderhsip in Info Tech Enableed Services
      - 2018 signing bilitaral agreent
- - - - JLN Library in Gaza city
      - MG Library cum student activity center in Gaza strip
  - - - tilt towards Israel shown by
        
        I being silent on East Jeru to be capital of P and future isreal - p borders
        
        but made no response or references to fatal ISreal reaction to rocket fighy by hamas
    - - supported - two state solution and maintain status quo at Al Aqsa compound
      - Condemnend indiscriminate rocket firing from Gaza by hamas
- - - - maritime trade b/w west/east coast of i/af
    - - rise of coastal diaspora
        
        max indian diaspora in af today - mostly in E,N, S side
    - - colonisation in af by eurore
        
        major countries
        
        britain - anglophone - english speaking colonies
        
        france - francophone - french speaking
        
        led to slave trade - africans in europe face racial discrimination
        
        i relate wrt colonisation and racial discrimination
      - gandhiji connection and satyagraha
      - 1920s - afro-asian conference, brussels
        
        meeting of af and asian colonies - i took lead role
  - - - af cy(country/ies) getting decolonised
      - i - NAM - supported decolonisation
      - taught(and not only shared) ideas of non-violence and democracy - as we had 'moral responsibility'
      - nehru - i & af are separated by oceans but connected by histories
    - - af cy(country/ies) getting decolonised
      - i gradually disconnected while china made inroads
        
        1962, 1965 war - i used violence - af got unconvinced/disillusioned/impatient
        
        china grab opportunity
        
        '2 point program'
        
        taught revolution (inspired by 1949 chinese revolution) - successful in af
        
        eco aid
    - - af cy are independent - searching for role models
      - options for role model
        
        USA
        
        -ve idea of capitalism - led to colonialism
        
        USSR
        
        communism
        
        russia did not engage in af - USA's absence in af and preoccupied with cold war
        
        china
        
        af stayed away - because china was hitting towards US's capitalism
        
        india
        
        af followed us because
        
        industrialisation
        
        1966-67 green revolution (tech + agri) - self sufficient and food security - af was poor/starving - but climatically suitable for agri - so followed i's model
      - reengagement with i
    - - i became open economy - development - can better help af through - ssc
      - south south cooperation (ssc)
        
        refers to the technical cooperation among developing countries in the Global South
        
        i itself being 3rd world country could better understand problems of af
        
        non prescriptive in nature unlike north south cooperation
        
        related topic
        
        north south cooperation
        
        1980's concept
        
        where 1st world cy (capitalist) help develop 3rd world cy (decolonised & under development) - how
        
        how
        
        policy makers of former to study problems of latter and prescribe appropriate policies for dev
        
        they were surprised by unique nature of problems not faced in their cy. - couldnt prescribe apt methods
        
        hence failed eventually
    - - shift from ideological agendas to pragmatic view
        
        i's looking at af for - OIL
        
        oil - for energy security (main stake - as af is oil abundant)
        
        investment
        
        location
        
        af looking at i for
        
        development
- - - - Trade, Economic, Scienitfc, Technological and Cultural Cooperation IRIGC- TEC/
      - IRIGC-MTC- Military Technical Cooperation
    - - both are members of BRICS
      - SCO
      - Russia supports for permanent seat of India in UNSC
    - - I evolved from buyer - seller to one involving in joint research, dev and production of advanced defebce technologies
      - eg - brahmos missile system, T90 tanks
      - S400 , Ka 226T helicopter in India banega
    - - INDRA
    - - operationalisation of Green Corridor Project
      - INSTC
      - An FTA with Eurasian Economic union
    - - Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant - with Russian cooperation is being built
    - - R's plan to strengthen its relations with China is againts the inetersts of India
      - R's criticism of Quad grouping as an Asian NAtO
      - I's external minster reference to India's INdo pacific strategy and Russian misnister;s reference to Asia pacific region - shows areas of divergence over their world view
      - R's plan to supply military equipment to Pak - against I's mission to completely isolatr Pak
      - R's support for bringing Taliban into a power sharing arrangement in Afghanistan - against I's interests since India consistently pushed for a "democratic Afghanistan"
- - - - in - goods, services & investment
      - +ves
        
        increase in bilateral trade
        
        substantial increase in i's export to ASEAN
        
        china's loss of market in ASEAN
      - -ves
        
        unequal benefit - trade deficit - 22 billion $ (FY19)
  - - - FY18 - 13 billion $
      - FY19 - 22 billion $