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The state and conservation of Southeast Asia, Group members & Matric…
The state and conservation of Southeast Asia
Deforestation rates in Southeast Asia
Annual deforestation rate highest among all tropical regions; and increasing
Less than 10% of Southeast Asia's forest under protection by World Conservation Union (IUCN)
Protected forest in the region are being degraded, destroyed by illegal logging activities
Many secondary forest in Southeast Asia were lost in 1990 - 2005 period.
Based on 2005 Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) of United Nations Food and Agricultural Organizations (FAO)
in 1990-2000, and 2000-2005, Southeast Asia is the highest in the annual percent deforestation
The remaining natural forest area as percent of original forest area for Southeast Asia is the lowest compared to other region.
Projected biotic extinctions from Southeast Asia
The relationship between habitat area and number of species of a region is characterized by the log-linear species-area relationship (SAR)
SAR is used to predict future extinctions in Southeast Asia as a result of deforestation
However, SAR-based projections are a blunt tool for assessing future biodiversity loss as it ignores a number of real-world feedbacks
Unmodelled factors: climate change, invasive competitors and predators, acceleration of forest clearance driven by economic growth
According to Brook et al. (2003), the loss of 72–90% of habitat area will result in between 13 and 42% of Southeast Asian species extinct by the year 2100.
Sodhi and Brook (2006) predicted that 8343-48043 vascular plants and 24-63% of SEA endemic taxa (859-4815 vertebrate species) were at risk of extinction this century as a result of deforestation.
If to be improved,
Quantifying generic observations or theoretical predictions could become the subject of future research.
To determine the degree and duration of faunal relaxation after disturbance, species recovery, and habitat restoration
Approriate robust geographic data on the pace of forest recovery for future forest cover projections
Greater accuracy in predictions of regional temperature increases and rainfall trends that impact biodiversity
Human density, deforestation and biodiversity endangerment
Species that are threatened in each country were all positively correlated with the percentage of human population in urban area
Increasing human population density may makes forest vulnerable as they converted to agricultural or urban areas
Threatened species may remain vulnerable in heavily populated area
Southeast Asian biodiversity
Species richness and endemism is linked to complex geological history
Diverse flora and faunal elements were bought by collision at different geological time.
Paleolimates shifting caused fluctuations in sea level.
Caused migration to Indo-malayan archipelago and isolating islands.
These two with tropical climate caused speciation.
Contain the highest mean proportion of country-endemic bird (9%) and mammals (11%).
Second highest of country-endemic vascular plant species (25%) compared with other tropical regions.
Highest proportion of threatened species (all taxonomic groups except amphibians).
Endemic amphibians (28%) and reptiles (18%) has lower proportions in the new world and less threatened amphibians from the tropical regions.
Reflects the paucity of herpetological research rather than the lack of diversity
Amphibians remain the most highly endangered of all terrestrial vertebrates in all areas.
Introduction
Almost the entire Southeast Asia is considered a biodiversity hotspot because it harbors an exceptionally high number of endemic species that are threatened by the loss of original habitats
Objectives
The conservation importance of Southeast Asia by comparing the degree of species endemism and endangerment, as well as the rate of deforestation in this region with that in other tropical areas.
To discuss the likely extent of extinctions in Southeast Asia due to deforestation.
Researchers correlate human population density with deforestation and species
endangerment to illuminate implications for conservation.
Conclusions
Tangible conservation, the reliance of rural
communities on natural resources should be minimized by creating employment opportunities
Recommendations
The higher income countries need to invest more into conservation initiatives in poorer countries in the region
Amelioration of massive and ongoing environmental problems (e.g., Lohman et al. 2007) will only be successful with regional and global cooperation and in a region with such tremendous variation in problems and solutions, Southeast Asia faces a challenging task ahead.
Efforts need to be tailored to the conservation priorities in each country and enhanced through cooperative agreements among countries.
Efforts are urgently needed to curb corruption for effective governance of existing ‘‘natural
capital’’ of Southeast Asia
Conservation efforts in
human-dominated landscapes must intensify and include public education, sustaining livelihoods
and ways to enhance the sustainability of agriculture and strengthening of the capacity of
conservation institutions.
Reforestation, reintroductions and
reestablishing severed habitat connections should be attempted in these landscapes.
Group members & Matric numbers
Puteri Nuraida Syuhada binti Abdullah (76588)
Mohamad Raziq Bin Mohadi (73557)
Angelina Ang Chi Mun (74129)
Hema A/P Radakrishnan (74984)
Nur Amalia binti Shari Amran (73684)
Amira Daniela Mu'iz Binti Jamain (74070)
Muhammad Izzul Fitri bin Mohd Azmin (73631)
Wan Nur Alyaa Hafiza Bt W Mahadi (73875)
Bibiana Ping Taja Alexander (74281)