Propaganda to project an image of legitimacy, wealth, success, wisdom, power and control.

1. Elizabeth was in control of the country, her government, the army, and navy.

The Privy Council, the chief administrative and executive political body.

Law courts were responsible for administering law and order.

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, was a potential suitor. this created divisions and jealousies in the royal court as well as the privy council.

Many people wanted her to marry and have children to establish a smooth succesion after her death.

Secretary of state for most of her reign and most important minister.

Held a variety of government positions and had romantics designs on Elizabeth.

Secretary of State. he built up a strong spy network to stop plots against Elzabeth.

The potential for any husband to try to control Elizabeth and rule himself

The potential to upset factions if she married someone from England.

The potential to upset countries if she married a foreing prince.

She wanted to create a moderate church of england acceptable for most people. In 1559, she met with the parliament to create this new moderate church.

That made up the Elizabethan Religious Settlement.

Deal with the nature and leadership of the Church on England.

Impossed an oath on all Clergy and office holders to accept Elizabeth as Supreme Governor and follow the new prayer book.

This made Elizabeth head of the Church of England without giving her a title.

Deal with acts of worship in the church of england

Introduce a new protestant prayer book that had to be used in every Church.

Ornaments and decorations were allowed in Church.

The Clergy were allowed to marry and had to wear vestiments.

The Pope, Pius IV, did not excommunicate Elizabeth, which helped determine the limited Catholic reaction to the settlement.

Unsettled puritans began to increase preaching of their vision of the Church services.

The injuctions and the article 39 which moved the doctrine closer to the protestants views.

Led to dissent from some in the Clergy who were dismissed in the vestments controversy.

*Elizabeth rejected Philip II 's proposal of marriage (1550s)

English privateers' attack on Spanish treasure ships.

They would set sail from Cadiz around Iberian. Through the English channel.

30.000 Spanish troops .

Elizabeth would be overthrown and replaced.

The Marquis de Santa Cruz died, and was replaced by Duke of Medina Sidonia

Surprise attack on CADIZ HARDBOUR

Spanish galleons were much large ,while English galleons were smaller but fast .

The Duke of Medina was completely inexperienced at fighting at sea ,while The English Vice Admirals had extensive experience about that.

Spanish Armada around 130 ships ,English 200 chips

The Spanish used 30.000 trained men compared with the English using 14.000 sailors supported by 20.000 soldiers.

This triggered a ten day naval battle across the English Channel.

The English launched fireships .This cause panic and the spanish ship fled.

It was first spotted off the English coast on July 1588.

The English attacked the Spanish who were now out of formation at the Battle of Gravelines.

They crashed on rocks and nearly half the ships sank and thousand os spain sailors were killed.

The Spanish plan wasn't clear.

Run into storm and bad weather in the North sea.

The English Militar had naval experience.

The English ships were more suited to fighting.

Elizabeth destinated this issue to be solved by the local governments. However, it continued growing until the end

Some farmers took advantage of the sale of some lands to create new farming techniques that became them rich since food price were increasing

People beliefs that women they considered witches caused the problems they suffered. As a consequency, more "witches" were killed than catholics

Build in order to control wandering groups of actors who were seen as a threat to law and order

The factors that influenced this growing were the sponsors of some actors, the elizabethan likes of this kind of enterteinment and the low price it had

The main point of opposition stablished that it could work as a point of social disorder

a potential figurehead for any catholic plot and rebellion against Elizabeth

2. In 1556, Darnley was murdered and Mary herself was suspected in the plot.

Bothwell was hated for many Scottish nobles

The marriage led to a protestand Uprising against Mary Ruled.

Mary was imprisoned in Loch Leven Casttle for captivity and fled to Englad in 1568

In 1556, because of the Rizzio Affair (Mary'ssecretary, David, was murdered and Darnley's allies treated Mary rudely.

3. The Throckmorton Plot of 1583 - revealed when Sir Francis Throckmorton was interrogated.

1. The Northern Rebellion of 1569 - an attempt by Catholic nobles from northern England to overthrow Elizabeth.

4. The Babington Plot of 1586- led by chief conspirator Sir Anthony Babington.

2. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 - hatched and planned by Roberto Ridolfi.

1. Elizabeth was furious, claiming she never intended the death warrant to be used.

In February 1587, Mary was executed at Fotheringhay Castle.

2. She sent a formal apology to King James VI of Scotland for the death of his mother.

King Philip II of Spain was furious and continued his plan to invade England with his army.

There were strong protests in France but this led to nothing serious.

Because Elizabeth established a new Protestant Church.

Because Elizabeth rejected his marriage proposal

The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth and ordered Catholics to overthrow her.

France was no longer a threat to Spain or England.

Because of the Elizabeth's secret support of the Dutch rebels by supplying them with money and weapons.

Because Elizabeth sheltered Dutch exiles and allowed Dutch ships to use English ports.

were very successful and brought Elizabeth riches.

Philip II of Spain wanted to marry Elizabeth when Mary died, but Elizabeth rejected his advances.

Access to Antwerp, as England produced some of the finest wool in Europe.

The home of the most important wool market.

Spain and France were rivals and enemies, and Spain did not want England to be allied with France.

An easiest route to travel from Spain to the Netherlands through the English Channel

she could not afford an expensive war

she felt she had to deal with Mary, Queen Of Scots, who was a greater threat to her crown.

The aim os the Rebellion was replace Elizabeth with Mary as Queen of England.

The rebellions was easily crushed by an army sent to the North by Elizabeth.

It was led by the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland.

The King of Spain, Philip II, was married to Elizabeth's sister and predecessor, Mary.

Spain was no longer worried about an Anglo- French alliance.

The Spanish ambassador being expelled from the English court.

England and Spain were now at war.

Supported by Fhilip II ,the plot intended for the Duke of Alba To lead 6000 Troops Spanish to England.

It was uncovered by the privy Council and presented to Elizabeth Queen.

Francis Throckmorton waa arrested and interrogated.

The plot showed an alliance betweem France and Spain againt Protestant England.

French Catholic force ,backed with Spanish and Papal money.

Secret Letters between the plotters and Mary, hidden in beer barrels, were intercepted by Francis Walsingham,who presented them as evidence to Elizabeth.

A Catholic gentleman ,Anthony Babigton,Planned to rescue Mary, Queen of Scots ,murder Elizabeth and replace her with Mary.

In debt and with his major business interest ,taken away from him,he decided to lead a rebellion against Elizabeth with 300 rebels in London.

The rebellion quickly crumbled and after 12 hours Essex was arrested and soon executed for treason.

The Earl of Essex was becoming increasingly disgruntled with how he thought he was being treated by Elizabeth I.

Called "The hotter sort of Protestants".

They were growing and the movement was becoming more popular.

Strict Protestants who wanted to "purify" the church of Catholic influences.

They were an organised and vocal group in Parliament, tackling Elizabeth on vestments and the Prayer Book.

1. England's principal trade, collapsed in Europe during the 1550s. English merchants had to look for alternative markets in which to sell their goods.

2. Richard Hakluyt's book - The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation - encouraged English sailors to make exploration voyages.

Increasing willingness of monarchs and merchants to sponsor voyages.

The development of faster, lighter ships, such as caravels.

John Hawkins traded in African slaves who he sold in America, returning to England with gold, silver and animal skins.

4. In 1577, Drake travelled through the weast coast, crossing the atlantic ocean

An inexhaustible supply of wine, oil, sugar and flax

3. He Failed traiding Brazil turned into the fleet headed for the pacific ocean in 1578

2. In 1579, travelled to home by the pacific, around Asia and Africa.

A poor choice about where to land in North America

1. He Reached England in 1580, were he was received as a hero

1. Wealth: investors, such as merchants and the royal court, became very wealthy

3. Power: England became a great sea power in the world.

The navy: England developed a very strong navy, which used cutting edge technology

Elizabeth confirmed her cousin's son James VI of Scotland as her successor.

successful companies, such as The East India Company.

Cramped, dirty conditions where disease was rife and in homes that were badly made and often unstable with few rooms

Christian Tapia

Group Members

Alehouses, drinking beer, watch a play in the yard, and Blood sports, such as bear baiting and cock fighting

Tobacco, gamble at cards, or dice

Powerful elements of English society remained Catholic, Notably, the Clergy, and the house of Lords.

Works of art showing a portrait of an important person, religious music, Classic literature style, architecture, rich jewelery, and Fashion

Most of the Clergy took the oath of loyalty to the new Church with only 3% refusing to do so.

call and dismissed at the Queen's pleasure.