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why study grammar? - Coggle Diagram
why study grammar?
2 periods of English grammar
prescientific
descriptive - described language phenomena
prescriptive - stated strict rules of grammatical usage
scientific
historical
- tries to explain the phenomena of language by studying their history (old english nouns had gender, number and case distinctions)
comparative
- compares the grammatical phenomena of language with those of related languages (Rus: я-меня; Eng: I-me)
general
- concerned with the general principles which underlie the grammatical phenomena of all languages.
2 parts
From the appearance of H.Sweet’s book the1940’s, when were only two types of grammars – prescriptive and explanatory
several new types of grammar
Structural (descriptive)
gives a formalized description of language system as it exists;
Transformational
shows how different sentences are divided from a few nuclear sentences (The door opened. The door did open. Did the door open?)
Communicatively
orientated studies the theme-rheme integration in a sentence. (Our biggest problem is lack of money)
Semantically
orientated concentrates on the semantic structure of sentences;
Pragmatically
orientated focuses on the functional side of language
Textual
places text in focus.
:red_flag: Objects and tasks of grammar :red_flag:
The
object
of practical grammar is to help the student acquire mastery of the native or foreign language
The
task
of theoretical grammar is to study the structure of the language in the light of the general principles of linguistics.
:warning: Main branches of grammar :warning:
Morphology
studies the grammatical structure of words and the categories realized by them
Syntax
studies the grammatical relations between words and other units within the sentence