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Call for Police Reform
Mind Map:
Policy Alternatives, Community Outreach…
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Community Outreach Policing (COP) - outreach mechanisms and strategies (Hesse, 2019)
Why is COP effective?
Healthy alternatives (Grinc, 1994).
Law enforcement use positive, non-enforcement interactions (Peyton, Sierra- Arévaloc, Rand, 2019, p.1).
Provides early terrorist warnings (Murray, 2005).
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Challenges to COP
Officers’ connection to community geography (Cowell et al., 2020, p.9).
Views on individuals of color (Cowell et al., 2020, p.9).
Law enforcement lacks effective public outreach (Grinc, 1994, p.464).
Paramilitary culture too ingrained in policing (Murray, 2005).
Marketing materials still reflect tactical approach (Jolicoeur and Grant, 2018).
Excessive use of force motivation and influence (Cowell et al., 2020).
Discriminatory practices (Cowell et al., 2020, p.9).
Call for Police Reform (Ayers et al., 2020;Engel et al., 2020)
Defund the Police
Over-policing (Schrader et al., 2019)
Harm Public-Police Relationship (Headley & Wright, 2019; Mourtgos et al., 2020)
Police Brutality (Statista Research Department, 2020; Ekins, 2020)
Does not reduce crime (Meeks, 2006; Tolliver, 2020)
Over-incarceration/misallocate resources (Clark, 2020)
Using Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) to Enhance Police Accountability (Stone, 2007)
BWCs Promote
Internal Levels of Accountability (Stone, 2007)
Benefits
Useful for training purposes at police departments and aids in criminal prosecution (Parks, n.d.; Jennings et al.; 2014)
Promotes "civilizing effect" (Braga et al., 2018; Parks, n.d.; Jennings et al., 2014)
Promotes legitimacy, ethical behavior, procedural justice, & professionalism (Chapman, 2019; Parks, n.d.)
Best Practice: Pilot Program at the Mesa PD in Arizona (Parks, n.d.; Rankin, 2013)
Issues & Limitations
Methodological Challenges & Gaps in Organizational Protocols, i.e. tampering & abuse (Taylor, 2016; Bromber et al., 2020; Parks, n.d.)
Is it cost effective? (Maskaly, 2017)
BWCs Promote Governmental Levels of Accountability (Stone, 2007)
Benefits
Widely supported by the Dept. of Justice & Congress to resolve community trust (Congressional Research Service, 2020)
$112.5 million grant to acquire and implement BWCs (Congressional Research Service, 2020)
Issues & Limitations
Federalism Constraints, State Mandates & Local Jurisdictions (Rashawn, 2020; Van Ness, 2020)
BWCs Promote Societal Levels of Accountability (Stone, 2007)
Benefits
Supported by public & advocacy groups and research organizations (Transforming the System, n.d.; Bromberg et al., 2020)
Increased perception in trust, safety, transparency & legitimacy (Maskaly, 2017; Walker, 2007)
Promotes "civilizing effect" (Braga et al., 2018; Bromberg et al., 2020)
Issues & Limitations
Impinges of citizens' rights and safety (Bromberg et al., 2020; Transforming the System, n.d.)
Cop-led Learning – uses critical thinking to assess complex situations (Bayley, 2018)
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