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Ecology of the Community - Coggle Diagram
Ecology of the Community
Community Structure & Functions
The Need for Community
Psychological
companionship
emotional security
Practicality
: share necessities of life
Five functions of Communities
Production, distribution , & consumption
(making a living)
Socialization:
Instills norms & values
Social control:
adherence to community values
group pressure
formal laws
Social Participation
Mutual support:
members work together to accomplish more than anyone could alone
Influence on Socialization
Factors that make family-friendly communities
quality education
child care
recreational facilities & opportunities
community safety
involved citizens
clean, safe, attractive environment
good job opportunities
affordable cost of living
good quality neighborhood(s)
Physical Factors
Population density
High density
Positives:
lots of opportunity for mingling
Negatives
excessive social contact
reduced behavioral freedom
scarce resources
privacy concerns
learned helplesness
increased violence & crime
Low density
Population Composition
stability vs. mobility
Homogeneity vs. Heterogeneity
homogeneous:
low diversity
heterogeneous:
wide diversity
Noise levels:
affects productivity & academics
Community design
Play settings
Traditional playgrounds:
regular play sets
preschoolers & parents
play revolves around equipment
Modern playgrounds:
sculptures to play on
preschoolers & parents
play revolves around equipment
Adventure playgrounds:
lumber, tires, bricks, etc...
school age children
teenagers
play = expressing ideas & fantasies
Economic factors
22% of all US children below federal poverty level
45% of all US children in low-income families
Effects of poverty on children
impeded ability to learn
social, emotional, behavioral problems
poor health / mental health
psychological well-being of parents
Costs of poverty to community
illness treatment
special education
foster care
prisons
welfare
Social & Personal factors
neighborhood setting
sidewalks?
closeness of houses
urban, suburban, rural?
Patterns of community interaction
size of community
social diversity
shared norms
small town
: shared convictions
big city
: institutionalized
valued social relationship
Gemeinschaft
caring
informal
mutually dependent
intimate
trusting
kin
friends
neighbors
special-interest groups
collectively oriented
Gesellschaft
independent
contractual
formal
associative
mistrusting
employers/managers
employees
business associates
achievement objectives
individually oriented
Community as a learning environment
"School without Walls"
home schooling
alternative schools
guest speakers
field trips
work-study programs
community projects
Community as a support system
Informal support
gemeinschaft
neighbors helping neighbors
Formal support
gesellschaft
public/privately funded services
What necessitates community support services
increasing population
changing nature of families
increasing urbanization
Macrosystem Influences on community services
Political ideology
what services governments support
legislation
Economics
: sources of funding
Public agencies:
government funded
Private agencies:
donations, grants, corporations, etc...
combination agencies
Mesosystem Influences:
Linking community to family & school
Head Start program
physical needs
emotional needs
cognitive needs
family support
Brookline Early Education Program (BEEP)
family involvement in education
family empowerment in education
Better Beginnings, Better Futures (BBBF)
referral services
parent education
child care arrangements
teacher training
Community Involvement
Volunteerism
Reasons for involvement
learn about community
conserve funds for organizations
share skills
develop self-esteem & self-confidence
meet new people
enhance resume
Volunteer groups
Corp. for National & Community Service:
www.nationalservice.gov
Senior corps
Americorps
Learn & Serve America
Advocacy
Children's advocacy groups
Children's Defense Fund (CDF)
Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
National Congress of Parents & Teachers (NCPT)
Child Protection
Child Welfare Information Gateway
(2013)
Links to information on training, funding, etc...
definitions & differences between discipline & abuse
signs & symptoms of neglect & various abuses
Statistics
risk & protective factors
characteristics of perpetrators
impact on children, survivors, & society
fatalities
Childhelp 1-800-422-4453
Child Abuse Prevention & Treatment Act 1974
Types of interventions / treatments
family preservation
parent education
child care
family therapy
kinship care
foster care
parent support groups
institutionalization
adoption
Community Services
Preventative
parks
recreation
education
Supportive
family & child services
referrals
economic assistance
counseling
family preservation
senior citizens
child health & welfare
protective care
child care
foster care
adoption
Rehabilitative
corrections
mental health
special needs
How services are delivered
Family Preservation support
build on family strengths
focus on families
respond flexibly to family needs
reach out to families
families as partners in goal setting
services in home or homelike setting
respond quickly to needs
Traditional family support
emphasize family deficits
focus on individuals
program & funding dictate services
strict eligibility requirements
workers set goals & solutions
services are office-based
often have waiting lists
Creating Caring Communities
National Commission on Children (NCC):
ensuring income security
improving health
increasing educational achievement
preparing youth for adulthood
strengthen & support families
protecting vulnerable children & families
making policies & programs work
creating moral climate
financing for programs
White house Office (& centers) of Faith-based & Community Initiatives
at risk youth
ex-offenders
homeless & hungry
substance abusers
HIV/AIDS patients
welfare-to-work families
Kids in Disasters Well-Being, Safety & Health Act of 2007 / National Commission on Children & Disasters
mental health
physical health
trauma
emergency medical services & transport
disaster case management
disaster preparedness for education, welfare, & juvenile justice
sheltering standards, services, & supplies
housing
evacuation & reunification
Economic Assistance to families
Welfare reform program
(Aid to Families w/Dependent Children (AFDC)
Unemployment compensation
Social Security disability & survivor
Supplemental SSI
Veterans' benefits
Child nutrition services
food stamps
WIC
National school lunch / breakfast
Other
Factors pushing more families into poverty
high unemployment rate
inability to earn a living wage
increase in female-headed homes
inadequate education & job training
inadequate budgets in government programs
Homelessness
Causes
rising housing costs
decline in government housing assistance
shrinking incomes
aging out of foster care
deinstitutionalization of mentally ill
decrease in low-cost housing
runaways
Associated problems
poverty
poor health
inadequate education
poor job prospects
social isolation
psychological & behavioral issues
Healthcare for families
Medicaid
Maternal & child health services
CDC
Child nutrition programs
Social support
child welfare
Social services block grants (Title XX)
Child & adolescent service system
Special services for special needs
National Center on Child Abuse & Neglect
Child Abuse Prevention & Treatment Act
Family Violence Prevention & Services program