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The War of 1812 Section 1 - Coggle Diagram
The War of 1812 Section 1
Problems on the Seas
Both Britain and France were interfering with US trade
British navy stopped American merchant ships, impressed American sailors/forced them to serve in British navy
The
Leopard
and the
Chesapeake
, 1807
British demanded to search USS
Chesapeake
US refused, British opened fire
The British and boarded seized three American citizens
The Embargo Act
To try to avoid war, Jefferson & Congress passed Embargo Act
stopped all international trade to and from American ports
placed restrictions on British imports
The act actually hurt Americans more than it hurt British/French
Problems in NW Territory
settlers met resistance when trying to take over American Indian lands
American Indians attacked settlements
A leader named Tecumseh began to build an American Indian alliance to resist settlement
Tecumseh (1768-1813)
brought together different American Indian tribes to resist expansion
Led resistance against white settlement on American Indian lands
leader of Shawnee people
Believed an alliance with the British was the best chance for protecting American Indian lands
Battle of Tippecanoe
Tecumseh was not present at the battle
*US won
, Americans blamed British for supporting American Indians
1811, Gen, William Henry Harrison led US forces against Tecumseh in Indiana
Question of War
Federalists wanted to avoid war that would shut down all trade
June 18, 1812 US declared war on Britain and American Indian allies
War hawks (supporters of war) pushed for war to win British territory
Early Fighting: Victories and Setbacks
Setbacks: troops from Michigan attacked Canada but retreated and surrendered Detroit
Victories: USS
Constitution
sank HMS
Guerriere
, US defeated Britain in Battle of Lake Erie
Battle of Thames, 1813
The two navies met on the shores of the Thames River
US won battle & Tecumseh was killed, ending British-American Indian alliance
British troops retreated from Detroit after the Battle of Lake Erie. US ships followed.
Horseshoe Bend, 1814
1814, Creek army fought US led by Gen. Andrew Jackson at Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Jackson's forces won battle , American Indian power in region was crushed
During war of 1812, American Indians in the S fought against Americans
Attacks on Coastal Cities
captured Washington & burned down white house
Battle of Fort McHenry inspired "The Star-Spangled Banner."
1814, British conducted raids along Chesapeake Bay
The War's End
British were tired of war expense, Americans were worried it would lead to more economic problems
Leaders signed the Treaty of Ghent in Dec. of 1814, ending war
Late 1814 war near an end, neither side was clearly winning
Battle of New Orleans
Jackson warned the British were coming and prepared for attack
Dec. 1814 Royal Navy defeated American gunboats
Last battle occurred after the peace treaty was signed,
International Impact & Economic Effects
European countries gained greater respect for US
economy grew quickly; Americans dev. steamboats, canals, railroads, cities grew rapidly, farming improvements
US seen as greater military power
Impact on American Indians
Resistance to Western settlement declined, rapid settlement in NW Territory began
S settlement expanded with defeat of the Creek
many groups lost lands
Second War for Ind., aka War of 1812
war brought on a wave of patriotism and national pride
US asserted that it was a free and independent country