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CH6S1 Electric Charge By: Ana María, unnamed, unnamed This is the…
CH6S1
Electric Charge
By: Ana María
Positive and negative charges
Summary:
Matter is made up of atoms which are the particles that have protons, electrons, and neutrons. Atoms have the same amount of electrons and protons which means they are electrically neutral. Electric charge is measured in coulombs (C). Since the law of conservation of charge states that charge can be transferred but not destroy or created, objects that have electrons with a tighter bond to the atoms will get electrons or a transfer of them from other objects they come in contact with, and create static electricity. Static electricity is the accumulation of electric charge in an object
1 C= 6250 protons and -1C= 6250 electrons.
Real-life example:
Like the example I showed in my video when a hat comes in contact with hair it will get electrons from the hair and will become negatively charged. The hair will be positively charged and static friction will be created.
Charges exerct force
Summary:
When objects are electrically charged they will either repel or attract each other. Opposite charges attract each other same charges repel each other. The force in which this happens depends on the distance between the objects and how much charge there is. This force does not only happen when there is contact, there is an electric field that when an object is inside of it, the object will experience that repel or attraction. Electric forces can be trillion times stronger than the gravitational force objects/living things on Earth experience. However, objects that are close to being electrically neutral have less electric force that gravitational force between them.
Real life example:
If a negativly charged ballon is place in the same electric field than a positivly charged hair then they will be attracted to each other.
Conductors and insulators
Summary:
In short, conductors and insulators are opposites. Conductors are materials that will easily conduct electrons through them. Meanwhile insulators are materials or objects that do not move electrons easily.
Real life example:
Metals are really good conductors, but glass or plastic is a good insulator. Metals have electrons that can move perfectly throughout the item, insulators have electrons that can't move easily since they are so tightly bound.
Charging
Charging by induction:
This menas that when there is an electrically charged object near a neutral object the electrons will rearange so that the oppsoite charges are closer together.
Charging by contact:
This is when the energy is transferred through touch or rubbing, this will then caus one object to be positively charged and another negatively charged.
Real-life example:
Induction: In the ebook, they use the sweater with a ballon. The balloon is negatively charged and the sweater is electrically neutral. The electrons will rearrange to be farther away from the electrons on the other object.
Contact: Any transfer if energy like rubbing your socks on the carpet or the hat touching the hair, etc,
Lightning
Summary:
Lighting as other examples cause static discharges. This discharges occur when there is a transfer of charge because of excess amount of static electricity between objects. Lighting also causes massive sound waves that we can hear and produces a lot of heat. So that lightings do not harm anything or anyone there is grounding which is conecting objects to earth with conductors.
Real-life examples:
So how does the lighting cause a static discharge? A thunder cloud has a lot of static electricity when there is enough buildup the cloud and the ground have a static discharge where energy is trasnfered.
Electroscopes
Summary:
Electroscopes are devices that will detect if there is an electric charge. Electroscopes show when there is a charge by the device having parts that repel each ither because they are charged with the same charges (both positive or both negative.
Real-life examples:
In the ebook we see that an example is two metal leafs with a metal rod and a metal knob above them. This electroscopes have the leafs repel each other when either a positivly or negativly charged object is detected. Both leaves will have the same type of charge so that is why they will repe.
This is the electric field around electrons and protons.
Same repel/ opposite attract
The image is a bit blurry but on the left there are conductors and on the right insulators.
Blue plus signs: protons
Red minus signs: electrons
showing a static discharge
It is a bit blurry but on the top the objects transfer by touching and on the bottom not they do it by induction.
All infromation from E-Book
E-book citation: McGrawhill. “Physical Science 2017.” ConnectED, 2017, connected.mcgraw-hill.com/mhelibs/projects/ebook-reader/1.13.0/player-reflowable.html.
