E309 Block 2 week 8
all kids worldwide learn to read, write and count
cultural variations/needs are added
eg. Rural Uruguay milk cows, Vietnam etiquette, Russia ballroom dancing
Is this a cliche?- do Russians? They may learn we all do morris dancing!!?
political challenges
Changes over time
has this changed??? I'm not sure if this is taught in US? We don't learn about the British Empire and the horrors we instilled worldwide!!
: in the past, primary school children in the US learned that American Indians warmly welcomed English and Spanish settlers to the New World; today, children learn about the genocide and forced religious conversions of Native American or First Nation peoples. Similarly, in New Zealand the topic of patriotism was prominent in the primary school curriculum in the early 20th century; this gave way to studies of diversity in the 1960s and 1970s.
I agree the victors write history. They are the heroes and stories favour them!
Colonialism
.
(Macaulay, 2001, Education Minute of 1835)... British government official responsible for implementing education in colonial, pre-partition India declared that schooling should create:
Changed in those countries but not here!!!
1931,
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In the 1960s, there were sweeping changes to post-colonial school syllabi across the world, to focus on local and national history, geography, culture and political struggles. The school syllabus in Kenya, for example, now includes ‘Origins, migrations and settlement of Kenyan communities’, ‘Contacts between East African coast and the outside world up to the nineteenth century’, and ‘National integration and conflict resolution’.
Post-colonial education has also enabled children to learn in their home and indigenous languages: Kiswahili in Kenya and Hindi and other national languages in India (see Chapter 6 in the module reader for a discussion of the languages of education in India).
1835
‘a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, opinions, in morals, and in intellect’
‘Today India is more illiterate than it was fifty or a hundred years ago….because the British, instead of taking hold of things as they were, began to root them out. They scratched the soil and began to look at the root, and left the root like that, and the beautiful tree perished.’ Gandi (1931) cited in MM
(in Dharampal, 1983, p. 355)..., Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule, argued that colonial education had deprived generations of Indian children of their language and their heritage:
KENYA
GENDER
UK 1985
‘[It is] necessary to stress that home-making is equally important for boys and girls, and that in adult life the responsibilities of family life should be shared so that both men and women have sufficient opportunity to continue their own personal development.’
(DES, 1985, 2.5)
1860s 3rd didn't attend school. (1881 compulsory schooling) Girls: cooking, sewing etc. Boys: woodwork etc.
Chapter 25 p.219-221
Religions (Islam and Christianity) set up schools to convert the youth and turn rebellious subjects (last bit Ramirez 2008 cited in Ansell)
how religions swept across the World. Islam into Asia & Africa. Christianity/ Catholicism into S. America & Africa (in 19C) etc
Christian missionaries introduced girls to schooling not for equality but to support men in monogamous Christian relationships
Christian missionaries also set up racial hierarchy...eg Indigenous in OZ by presbyterian missionaries.
London (2002) cited in Ansell in Trinidad &Tobabgo educated to promote obedience, honesty and other amenable qualities. Also so locals happy to be on the bottom rung
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THIS CHAPTER IS VERY BIASED
Wolhutre 2007 cited in An- educated just enough for the clerical roles
Colonials & Missionaries often clashed
Yes... both had disingenuous agendas???
WOW...
About Rhodesia (Now Zimbabwe) MP Andrew Skeen admitted (in a debate in 1969) stunting natives education is best to keep their political ambitions down
In Rhodesia Missionaries wanted locals to read so could read the bible but Governments believed uneducated locals were the must subservient
Primary education was subsequently reduced from eight to seven years, black access to secondary education seriously restricted, and the churches were forced to relinquish nearly 80% of their schools (Ansell 2017).
Colonial administrators may have seen education as a means of social control, but Indigenous people saw it as a means of advancement. It quickly became a desirable (perhaps necessary) commodity and gained considerable status.
sounds like Bernie's families!!
created hierachies within locals
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THESE MODULE MATERIALS HAVE NOT BEEN PROOF READ- LITTERED WITH MIS-ORDERED SENTENCES!!
NEW MATHS
1960's- Sputnik...panicked so overhauled - rather than memorising times tables & arithmetic. Introduced 'set' theory & prime numbers
many now teach diff to how they were taught (this is what MM meant)
experiment abandoned by end of 1960s
Critics such as Professor George F. Simmons complained that New Maths produced children who ‘heard of the commutative law, but did not know the multiplication table’ (1987, p. 33).
But the physicist Richard Feynman believed it allowed thought- what is his 'set' thing in quote???
Perhaps ironically, many of the 1960s New Maths concepts and theories that were considered too challenging for children and teachers are today very much part of the primary school maths curricula in the UK nations and elsewhere. yeah and that's why modern kids crap.
summary of week
We would argue that there is nothing inherently wrong with a teacher using a ‘lecture’ method. In many countries around the world, for historical or cultural reasons, lecturing is a familiar pedagogic practice that reflects a hierarchical power relationship between teacher and pupils, where teachers hold all the knowledge and pupils listen and soak up the knowledge.
But education around the world is increasingly influenced by ideas about learner-centredness. To be learner-centred, teachers allow more dialogue and interactivity in the classroom. Pupils have opportunities to speak and participate in a variety of activities.