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The history of European Integration - Coggle Diagram
The history of European Integration
European Coal and Steel Community
Schuman plan, Jean Monnet (1950)
a common market for steel and coal
significant supranational characteristics
the power to make and oversee laws in this area
high authority - 9 members "commpletely independent"
Council of ministers
national ministers
unanimous vote
qualified/simple majority
Common Assembly
chosen by national parliaments
advisory role
Court of Justice
its judgements need to be enforcable in the member states
an economic success
The Schuman Declaration
9 May 1950
European Defence Community
concerns about possible German rearmement
EDC treaty signed in 1952
A European army under the control of a European ministry of defence
a supranational structure
not ratified in the French parliament
responsibility for military affairs was passed on to NATO
European Economic Community and EUropean Atomic Energy Community
goal: to establish a common market
the removal of all tariffs and restrictions on internal trade
a free trade area
the common external tariff
a custom union
free movement of goods, persons, services and capital
philoshophy of a free market, liberal capitalism
joint interventions and activities to soften unacceptable market consequences
moving away from supranationalism towards intergovernmentalism
Commission
the principal policy initiatior
some decision-making powers
policy implementation
Council of Ministers
the principal decision-making body
Assembly and Court of Justice
EFTA
UK
the problems of the post-war era could be met by establishing a free trade area
UK's alternative plan
the creation of EFTA
supranational integration unnecessary
Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Austria, Switzerland and Britain
A free trade area which brought down barriers to trade between members
Intergovernmental organisation
A divide between the EC6 and the EFTA7
EFTA failed to deliver the same economic gains
EC proved to be the magnet to which EFTA countries have been attracted
European Community in the 1960s
The Empty Chair Crisis
1965
De Gaulle withdrew French representatives to the EEC
Luxembourg Compromise
Where, in the case of decisions which may be taken by majority vote, very important interests of one or more partners are at stake, the Council will endeavour to reach solutions which can be adopted by all the Members of the Council
Fundamentally altered the spirit of the EEC Treaty
Created a ‘national veto over all key EC decisions’
The Rome Treaty provided for the greater use of QMV from 1.1.1966