Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiration - Coggle Diagram
Respiration
Movement of Oxygen
The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the diaphragm to contract
The diaphragm will contract, changing the differential pressure of the lungs and the outside air, causing the influx of air (the mechanism for breathing)
Mouth> Trachea> Right/Left Main (primary) bronchus > Lobar (secondary) bronchi > Segmental (tertiary) bronchi > Intralobular bronchioles > Terminal Bronchioles > Respiratory bronchioles > Alveolar ducts > Alveolar sacs > Alveoli
The alveoli are the sites of gas exchange between inhaled air and the bloodstream
Oxygen will diffuse from the Alveoli and into the bloodstream
The overall differential pressure is what pushes the air to diffuse into the bloodstream
Factors that Affect Breathing Rate
PO2 and PCO2 in body fluids
PO2 is not the dominant factor affecting respiration rate
This is because even in oxygen-poor blood, oxyhemoglobin has 75% O2 saturation
Respiration mostly responds to blood PCO2 and hydrogen ion concentrations
This is because there is less PCO2 saturation; and it affects bodily pH levels
Chemoreceptors are the initial "monitors" of homeostasis in this Negative Feedback mechanism
Central Chemoreceptors are on the ventral portion of the medulla oblongata
Monitors the pH of the brain
Maintains equilibrium between blood PCO2 and brain PCO2
If there is high PCO2, breathing rate increases to exhale more CO2 (increasing alveolar ventilation)
Peripheral Chemoreceptors sense changes in PO2 and pH in the blood (via carotid bodies and aortic bodies)
Decreased PO2 stimulates breathing rates and tidal volume, increasing alveolar ventilation
Lowered blood pH will increase alveolar ventilation to exhale more CO2
An example of this is the buildup of lactic acid (which lowers pH), stimulates increased breathing rate to exhale more CO2 and thus raise the body's pH levels
The kidneys will also eliminate excess hydrogen ions
Emotional State and Physical Activity
Voluntary changes in breathing will eventually be overcome by involuntary control, as the body will force itself to maintain homeostasis
Movement of Carbon Dioxide
Though CO2, a waste product from cellular respiration, is diffused through the membranes of the alveoli from the bloodstream
Its pathway will be the exact opposite of oxygen's, as it is exhaled to escape the respiratory pathway
Alveoli > alveolar sacs > alveolar ducts > respiratory bronchioles > terminal bronchioles > intralobular bronchioles > segmental bronchi > lobar bronchi > right/left main bronchus > trachea > mouth