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Impacts of Global Warming :fire: - Coggle Diagram
Impacts of Global Warming :fire:
Economical
Negative
Agriculture
Extreme rainfall events have increased 37 percent in the Midwest of United States since the 1950s
Flooding, increased heat and drought will likely reduce crop yields
for every degree Celsius the global thermostat rises, there will be a 5 to 15 percent decrease in overall crop production
Many commodity crops such as corn, soybean, wheat, rice, cotton, and oats do not grow well above certain temperature thresholds
crops will be affected by less availability of water and groundwater, increased pests and weeds, and fire risk
Tourism
Two billion dollars could be lost in winter recreation due to less snow and ice
For example, rapid warming in the Adirondack Mountains could decimate the winter activity sector, which makes up 30 percent of the local economy
as water temperatures increase, water quality could suffer due to more frequent and more intense algae blooms, which can be toxic, interfering with recreational water activities and freshwater fishing
Sea level rise could submerge small islands and coastal areas
Infraestructure
Sea level rise could potentially cause a loss of value of assets in the trillions of dollars
damage to housing, damage to airports on the coasts, damage to docks, the railway line
A 2018 study found that over 4,000 miles of fiber optic cable, as well as data centers, traffic exchanges and termination points,are at risk from sea level rise
Positive
Agriculture
No more need for commercial greenhouse operators that pump carbon dioxide into the greenhouses to raise plant growth rates. due to increase in CO2 concentrations
Earlier onset of spring and from a longer warm season that is suitable for growing crops
wider range of crops becoming viable in northern Europe as benefits from temperature rises
Energy
Greenhouse-gas producing energy is cheaper
But due to popular concern on global warming green energy companies will profit
The Carbon Disclosure Project reported that 225 of the world’s 500 biggest companies believe climate change could generate over $2.1 trillion in new business prospects.
Hybrid and electric vehicle production and the electric public transit sector are expected to grow.
Insurance and flood protection companies will benefit
Construction of green infrastructure and more resilient coastal infrastructure could create many new jobs
Social
Negative
Increase in natural disasters
With increasing global surface temperatures the possibility of more droughts and increased intensity of storms
As more water vapor is evaporated into the atmosphere it becomes fuel for more powerful storms to develop
More heat in the atmosphere and warmer ocean surface temperatures can lead to increased wind speeds in tropical storms
Rising sea levels expose higher locations not usually subjected to the power of the sea and to the erosive forces of waves and currents
Examples
East Africa drought
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South Asian floods
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Australian wildfires
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Dry Corridor in Central America
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Cyclones Idai and Kenneth
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Consequences
LIC countries do not have the money to mitigate such disasters
Billions of dollars necessary for rebuilding after natural disasters (adapting to climate change and coping with damages will cost developing countries $140-300 billion per year by 2030)
Loss of human lives
People would be displaced and lose their homes
Loss of jobs and livehoods
The number of climate-related disasters has tripled in the last 30 years.
Increase in diseases
water- and foodborne infectious diseases
Contamination of water and foods with bacteria
Example
The number of cholera cases was increased by both high and low rainfalls and higher temperatures in Bangladesh
degree of the effects on water- and foodborne infectious diseases depends on the levels of the social infrastructure.
vector-borne infectious diseases (mosquitoes and ticks)
Malaria/ dengue mosquitoes are spreading due to warmer weather
expansion of the infested areas of vector mosquitoes and increase in the number and feeding activity of infected mosquitoes
Examples
Malaria
global warming changes the distribution, intensity of transmission, and seasonality of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa
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Dengue
the positive effect of global warming on the abundance and distribution of vector mosquitoes eventually leads to increase in the number of dengue patients and expansion of dengue virus endemic areas.
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Ebola
Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea and Nigeria
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Positive
Transportation
The Northwest Passage through Canada's formerly icy north will be opened up to sea transportation.
This will make trade easier and cheaper.
Habitation
Forced movement of population from densely populated coastal areas, to less populated interior locations
There is likely to be fewer deaths or injuries due to cold weather, meaning populations may grow in regions that are now inhabitable
Enviromental
Negative
Melting of glaciers
Examples: Peru, Kilimanjaro, and USA
The snows of Kilimanjaro are rapidly disappearing and will be gone by 2033
Consequences
Increase in wildfires
Extinction of temperature sensitive aquatic species
Melting glaciers add to rising sea levels, which in turn increases coastal erosion and elevates storm surge as warming air and ocean temperatures create more frequent and intense coastal storms like hurricanes and typhoons.
Risk of extinction of alpine plants
Less and warmer Water
impacts on the movement, migration, and habitats of wildlife, Ex: Wolverine and Polar Bear
Rising in sea level
Open ocean absorbs light while ice reflects = less ice and more water means less reflection and its starting to become warmer and warmer
40% of people get their drinking water from mountain water from glaciers, when glaciers run out of water people will face immense water shortages
Glaciers National Park the rapid rate of warming is melting the park's glaciers, increasing the severity and likelihood of wildfires, and shifting wildlife habitat
Nearly 30 percent of Peru's glaciers have melted away since 2000
Species in risk of extinction
more than 25,000 species, almost a third of those known, are in danger of disappearing. Climate change will be responsible for 8% of these.
Species in risk
1/3 of corals, freshwater mollusks, sharks, and rays
1/5 of reptiles
1/4 of mammals
1/6 of birds
Caused by: Human activity, the consumption of fossil fuels, the acidification of the oceans, pollution, deforestation, glacier melting and forced migrations
Examples
Giraffes
population decline by 40% in the last 30 years
shrinking habitat
fewer acacia trees (their main food source) due to climate change
Coral Reefs
Rising sea temperature
Sustained heat stress causes coral bleaching, deadly occurrence in which coral starves from a loss of nutrition.
Whales
Rely on specific ocean temperatures for their migration, feeding, and reproductive habits
Bumblebees
Rising temperatures force populations northward to remain in cool climates
spring flowers bloom earlier than normal, leaving less time for bees to pollinate.
Positive
Flora can grow better
Higher concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Raw material from which plants make carbohydrates and therefore proteins and fats, necessary for photosynthesis
extremely rare trace gas in the air — less than 0.04 per cent of the air on average — plants struggle to absorb enough of it
Commercial greenhouse operators that pump carbon dioxide into their greenhouses to raise plant growth rates will not be necessary.
The increase in average carbon dioxide levels over the past century, from 0.03 per cent to 0.04 per cent of the air, has had a measurable impact on plant growth rates.
Dr. Ranga Myneni of Boston University has documented that 31 percent of the global vegetated area of the planet has become greener and just 3 percent has become less green. Meaning that there was a 14 percent increase in the productivity of ecosystems and has been observed in all vegetation types
Tropical species can move to temperate climates
Tropical ecosystems are know for having more biodiversity
