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DENGUE - Coggle Diagram
DENGUE
Symptoms
Dengue fever
Dengue fever causes a high fever — 104 F degrees — and at least two of the following symptoms: • Headache • Muscle, bone and joint pain • Nausea • Vomiting • Pain behind the eyes • Swollen glands • Rash
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Signs and symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever or severe dengue — a life-threatening emergency — include: • Severe abdominal pain • Persistent vomiting • Bleeding from your gums or nose • Blood in your urine, stools or vomit • Bleeding under the skin, which might look like bruising • Difficult or rapid breathing • Cold or clammy skin (shock) • Fatigue • Irritability or restlessness
Prevention
One dengue fever vaccine, Dengvaxia, is currently approved for use in those ages 9 to 45 who live in areas with a high incidence of dengue fever. The vaccine is given in three doses over the course of 12 months. Dengvaxia prevents dengue infections slightly more than half the time.
Complications
If severe, dengue fever can damage the lungs, liver or heart. Blood pressure can drop to dangerous levels, causing shock and, in some cases, death.
Description
Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death.
Causes
Dengue fever is caused by any one of four types of dengue viruses spread by mosquitoes that thrive in and near human lodgings. When a mosquito bites a person infected with a dengue virus, the virus enters the mosquito. When the infected mosquito then bites another person, the virus enters that person's bloodstream.
Clinical case
Background
A previously healthy 38-year-old, from Colombo, presented to the Dengue HDU with generalized body ache and high fever (highest recorded temperature 39·4 °C) for 3 days.
Physical examination
He was found conscious, dehydrated with a heart rate 100/min. There was no rash or active bleeding. Other general and systemic examinations revealed no abnormality.
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On completion of the critical phases he complained of a severe left sided groin and inguinal region pain. On examination the skin looked normal and there was no tenderness but he had severe pain when flexing the left thigh. There was no visible swelling.
Ultrasound scan revealed a left psoas haematoma. As the patient deteriorated haemodynamically blood was transfused. He recovered without further complication and was discharged home.