Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ELEMENTS OF A CIVILIZATION - Coggle Diagram
ELEMENTS OF A CIVILIZATION
ECONOMY
MESOPOTAMIA- The Sumerian economy was based on agriculture. Mesopotamia was a region which did not have many natural resources. Therefore, the people who lived there needed to trade with neighbouring countries in order to acquire the resources they needed to live
EGYPTIAN- Trade was carried on both by sea route and land. The kings (Pharaohs) controlled the trade. Barter system was used and the medium of exchange was usually grain, silver and copper.
INDUS VALLEY- Economy depended on trade and trade was carried out by the barter system
SETTLEMENTS
EGYPTIAN- It was located along the Nile River in North-East Africa
MESOPTAMIA- FIRST TOWNS AND CITIES WERE FORMED DURING 5000 BC. They did not have protective barriers.
INDUS VALLEY-
The Indus River
Valley Civilization started about 2500 B.C.E. along the south-western part of the Indus River. The largest city was Mohenjo-Daro, in present day Pakistan,
and settlements stretched all along the river.
GOVERNMENT
EGYPTIAN- 1Pharoahs were the government and viziers and nomarks were a rank below government.
INDUS VALLEY- The cities were efficiently governed by the committee consisting of rich merchants and priests. There is no evidence of kings or queens.
MESOPOTAMIA- Each city had its own independent government ruled by a king that controlled the city and the surrounding farmland. Both monarchy and Democracy were combined to govern. Kings ruled the people. Law held a special place in their civilization. ‘The Code of Hammurabi’ the Babylonian law code was written down on clay tablets and etched into stone. It is one of the oldest recorded codes of laws in the world.
SOCIAL CLASS
EGYPTIAN- 1st was the pharaoh, the the pharaohs wife, then the pharaohs commanders, scribes, army, farmers and lastly, slaves
INDUS VALLEY- order-rulers, merchants, traders and the artisans, farmers and manual labourers.
MESOPOTAMIA- 1- king and his family, 2- middle class- craftsmen, merchants and civil servant, 3- lower class- farmers and laborers.
SYSTEM OF WRITING
EGYPTIAN- They wrote hieroglyphics on clay tablets, walls and papyrus
INDUS VALLEY- Glyphs
MESOPOTAMIA- Cuneiform
RELIGION
EGYPTIAN- Cats were sacred, and animals were worshipped. Isis: Mother goddess, Ra: Sun God, Horus: Sky God, Thoth was the god of knowledge.
INDUS VALLEY- The worshipped the Mother Goddess, the deity of fertility, and Pipal tree. Religious activities were performed by the priests. They believed in after life. Sometimes they cremated the dead or they buried the dead along with the items of daily use.
MESOPOTAMIA- The Ancient Sumerians worshipped many different Gods and Goddesses. They thought that the gods influenced much of what happened to them in their lives. Their Gods often had human characteristics.
ART & ARCHITECHURE
EGYPTIAN- Average Family-sun baked mud houses, small, few windows, flat roof. and pyramids for tombs for pharaohs and sphinxes to protect the pyramids. Most artwork was related to religion. They used minerals for colors and their main colors were blue, gold, red, yellow and green.
INDUS VALLEY- Economy depended on trade and trade was carried out by the barter system
MESOPOTAMIA-The cities and towns were not well planned, but they followed a uniform pattern. They made jewelry of precious gold, fancy chairs, and unglazed vases that kept water cool. They were not very good at huge stone sculptures. They made beautiful pottery from wet soil.
AGRICULTURE
INDUS VALLEY- The main occupation was farming. They were the first to grow cotton. Spinning, weaving, brick laying, boat making, stone cutting, masonry and carpentry were also important occupations. City workers made beads, fishing nets, pots, baskets...everything people needed.
MESOPOTAMIA-They planted wheat, barley, dates, and vegetables including cucumbers, onions, apples, and spices. There were priests, scribe, merchant, craftsman, soldier, civil servant, or laborer too.
EGYPTIAN- They were the first to grow cotton. Spinning, weaving, brick laying, boat making, stone cutting, masonry and carpentry were also important occupations. City workers made beads, fishing nets, pots, baskets...everything people needed.
