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C4-Chemical Changes Part 1 - Coggle Diagram
C4-Chemical Changes Part 1
Acids
has a PH of 1-6
The lower the PH the more acidic it is.
Colour should be from yellow to red when adding a universal indicator.
forms aqueous solutions
forms H+ (hydrogen) ions in water
Alkalis
PH of 8-14
Also known as a base or bases
The higher the PH the more it is alkaline.
Colour should be from navy blue to purple when adding universal indicator.
forms OH- (hydroxide) ions in water
dissolves in water
Neutralisation
acid + base --> salt + water
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --> H2O(l)
Transitions
Define transition: a method used to find out the concentration of solutions.
Used to find out EXACTLY how much acid is needed to neutralise a solution.
Universal indicator is used to estimate the PH of the solution.
Strong & Weak Acids
Acids ionise in aqueous solutions. producing hydrogen ions.
eg. HCl --> H+ + Cl-
Strong Acids
e.g. sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid.
strong acids ionise completely in water
All acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions
Weak Acids
e.g. ethanoic acid, citric acid, carbonic acid.
weak acids don't fully ionise.
only a small proportion of acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions.
PH 7 is neutral.
PH is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions.