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CRIME AND DEVIANCE - Coggle Diagram
CRIME AND DEVIANCE
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Feminists
Chivalry Thesis
Female offenders are treated more leniently by the justice system because make police officers are socialised this way.
Double Deviant Theory
The justice system treats women m ore harshly because they are double deviant. 1. The law 2. Gender Norms
Heidensohn
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Controlled in the workplace Men hold power over women in the workplace. For example sexual harassment.
Controlled in public Women's fear of street violence by males controls them because they are scared to get a bad reputation.
Carlen
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1. The Class Deal If you work you'll earn a decent living. However, this may break down because women find themselves in lower paying jobs then men so the job they do may not give them enough to live. Meaning they must resort to stealing food.
2. The Gender Deal if you're a good mother and wife, you'll be rewarded with happiness. This may breakdown because of an abusive relationship therefore your husband doesn't provide you happiness even if you're a good wife. Meaning the women has to resort to crime to make her own money via prostitution.
Gender Socialisation
Females are less likely to commit crime because they are socialised as homemakers. In comparison, males are socialised to be macho and tough, which may be exerted through criminal behaviour.
Key Terms
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Social order: when society is stable and runs smoothly. Agencies of social control (formal): houses of parliament, police force, judiciary, prison services. (informal): family, teachers, peers, colleagues.
Formal Rules written down (laws, codes of conduct). Have an official status and official sanctions. e.g. imprisonment.
Informal Rules unwritten rules and provide guidelines. peers or family members may apply negative sanctions if you were to break the informal rules.
Marxists
In an unequal capitalist society not everyone can earn enough to consume. Therefore, some people turn to getting goods illegally.
White Collar Crime: Crime committed by the middle-class. Marxists say this is likely to go undetected and unpunished because the middle class are those who make and enforce the laws.
Criticisms Not all criminal laws support the interests of dominant class. Feminists would argue they ignore patriarchy. Functionalists would argue society is based on value consensus not conflict between classes.
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Functionalists
Durkheim
1. Strengthen Boundaries Reactions to crime remind people of the boundaries of acceptable and unacceptable.
2. Social Cohesion Reactions to crime reinforce shared values and beliefs. It also brings people together.
Criticisms Many crimes harm communities and victims. Marxists argue, Durkheim ignores power in society.
Merton
Strain Theory
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Criticisms Doesn't explain why some people faced with anomie conform. Only explains money crime. Not everyone strives for the American Dream.
Interactionalists
Becker -Labelling
Deviance is created through labelling. Deviant behaviour is only deviant when its labelled so. Deviant depends on: time and place, who commits the act and who feels harmed by the act.
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Cohen Crime is caused by working-class subcultures. People can't succeed in society, but can in their subcultures.
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