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Models of colonization in Africa - Coggle Diagram
Models of colonization in Africa
Great britain
Governor
there was a governor general in the colonial capital who ruled together with an appointed executive council
He was responsible to the colonial office and the colonial secretary in London, from whom laws, policies, and programs were received.
made some local laws and policies.
Colonial policies and directives were implemented through a central administrative organization or a colonial secretariat, with officials responsible for different departments such as
Revenue
Agriculture
Commerce
Transportation
Health
Education
Police
Prision
Legislative council
appointed and selected local and foreign members.
The system had three main institutions:
the "native authority"
composed of the local ruler, the colonial official and the administrative personnel;
the "indigenous treasury",
collected revenue to pay for local administrative staff and services
The "native courts"
they administered "native law and customs," the supposedly traditional legal system of the colonized that was used by the courts to resolve cases.
Britain organized its colonies at the central, provincial, and regional or district levels.
Indirect rule
Places such as Nigeria, the Gold Coast in West Africa, and Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika in East Africa have a indirect rule
Assimilation rule to a direct government
national tradition of extreme administrative centralism.
Colonial ideology assimilation
explicitly stated that they were on a "civilizing mission" to drive out the "natives" ignorant of the backwardness to the new status of civilized French Africans.
To achieve this, the French used the policy of assimilation.
For example
Potential citizens were supposed to speak French fluently, have served French meritoriously, have won an award, etc.
If they achieved French citizenship, they would have French rights and could only be tried by French courts.
Since France would not provide the educational system to train all of its colonized subjects
assimilation was more of an imperialist political and ideological stance than a serious political goal.
That is why the French used a system of direct government.
While France tried to maintain this highly centralized system in some parts of its colonies
the French were forced to
adopt the policy of association
a system of government that operated in alliance with pre-existing African institutions and governing leaders.
This system was more centralized, bureaucratic and interventionist than the British colonial rule system.
However, regardless of the system, they were all alien, authoritarian and bureaucratic, distorting African political and social organizations and undermining their moral authority and political legitimacy as government structures.
Association system
they were ruled by African rulers who the French organized into three levels and degrees:
chef de province
chef de canton
chef de village