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WWA #10 - Coggle Diagram
WWA #10
increased risks for malnutrition involving oral cavity
dental stomatitis -
chewing and swallowing issues/pain in mouth
changes in taste and smell
xerostomia may lead to avoidance of hard, dry, sticky foods
periodontal disease increases likelihood of weight loss
nutrient quality decreases as number of teeth decrease
healthy snacks and supplements
hard boiled eggs
low-fat milk products
cheese
bananas
canned fruit
liquid nutrition like ensure
malnutrition risk in those with
less education/income
housebound or those who live alone
physical disabilities
depression/ other mental health issues
drastic changes such as death of spouse
nutrient requirements for older adults
calorie needs decreased with age, but not protein needs
25-30g of high quality protein maximizes muscle protein synthesis
vitamin D intake higher
age 51-70: 15g daily
70+: 20g daily
folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 should be increased to prevent decline in cognitive function and coronary artery disease
calcium
1200mg higher for younger adults to maintain bone mass and reduce risk for osteoporosis
decreased physical activity contributes to loss of bone density
obesity
most common nutritional disoreder
contributes to diabetes and CVD
exacerbates age-related decline in physical function; leads to frailty
musculoskeletal
bone resorption progresses rapidly in older adults
after age 45, lean body mass declines up to 0.4% every year and adipose tissue increases
inactivity responsible for loss of muscle strength and balance
maintaining muscle is essential in reducing risk of falls
health benefits of physical activity
moderate to strong evidence
better functional health for older adults
reduced abdominal obesity
moderate evidence
lower risk of lung cancer
lower risk of endometrial cancer
lower risk of hip fracture
weight maintenance after weight loss
increased bone density
improved sleep quality
strong evidence
lower risk of early death
lower risk of stroke
lower risk of CVD
lower risk of adverse blood lipid profile
lower risk of colon and breast cancer
prevention of weight gain
lower risk of type 2 diabetes
prevention of falls
better cognitive function for older adults
dehydration
decreased thirst associated with aging
heart and kidney disease leads to impairment of homeostatic mechanisms controlling fluid balance