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ARA102 F20 Topic (5) Politico-Religious Movements 10 AM Section Group 4 -…

- - - - named after Ismail b. Jafar (7th imam)
      - Ismailis were the political activist leading rebellion against Abbasid - successful in establishing Fatimid dynasty
      - Running missionaries converting new people to faith
    - - Largest Shia group
      - Twelver held the known line of Muslim al Khasim whose heir came to an end with Hasan Al Askari leaving no heir to succeed
      - developed a concept of Muhammad Al Mahdi who lives in occultation and would reappear as Mahdi
      - Until Al Mahdi comes, there are agents to guide them
    - - 2nd largest Shia group
      - named after Zayd b. Ali (5th imam) - referred as the 'Fivers'
      - 1st Shia movement to achieve political independence establishing a dynasty in Tabaristan in 864, Yemen in 893.
- - - - Ahmad bin Hanbdali an Iraqi scholar established the Handbli School.The Hanbali madhhab is the smallest of four major Sunni schools and its followers are referred to as Ahl-Hadith. Much more, it first emerged in Iraq, but, due to its rigid and conservative nature,today it is followed only in Saudi Arabia.
    - - The Hanafi was established by Kufan scholar Abu Hanifa Al nu' man . It emerged in Iraq and as such it reflects the views of the Iraqi jurists. Moreover, the Hanafi school expanded to the northern borders and was also established in Iran and Central Asia. The Hanafi school is the maddhab with the largest number of adherents followed by one third of muslims wide world.
    - - The Makli School emerged in Medina and thus reflects the views and practices of Medina jurists.it was established by Malik bin Hasan in the 8th century.The Maliki madhhab is one of the largest groups of Sunni Muslims where It is mainly present in North Africa now a days. Mosque of Uqba was a major historical center of Maliki teaching.
    - - Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi'i an Arab scholar established the Shafi'i school in the early 9th century. It evolved in Egypt and by the tenth century, it was established in Syria, Iraq, Iran, and Central Asia.The Shafiʽi school was widely followed in the early history of Islam but the Ottoman Empire favored the Hanafi school when it became the dominant Sunni Muslim power.
- - - - Wasil and his fellows came to be known as those who separated themselves (I’tazalu) which gave the name mu’tazila, that is, the “withdrawers”.
      - his School flourished for almost two hundred years, and at times was the dominant School of thought among Muslims.
      - student of suni scholar (hasan al basri). Basri( jurist) used to discuss matters of law and faith. One day they discovered status of grave sinners (paradise or hell). Wasil said the person is in intermediate state (not believer or disbeliever)