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Cloning - Coggle Diagram
Cloning
Disadvantages
not entirely safe and accurate
regarded as unethical and abused by many
not fully developed
faster aging
organ rejection
expensive
low success rates
Advantages
can prevent extinction of species
help increase food production
help infertile parents
genetic modification
eliminates defected genes
organ transplantation
process of cloning in plants
Cutting
cut off a branch from the parent plant and remove lower leaves
keep it in a clear plastic bag to keep it moist, warm and after a few weeks new roots will develop
stem is planted in damp compost
Tissue culture
is the growth of tissues or cells which separate from a plant
take tissue sample scraped from parents plant
place sample in agar jelly containing nutrients and auxin
samples eventually develop in tiny plantlets
plantlets planted in compost
animal cloning
embryo transplant
sperm is taken from a bull
cow is artificially inseminated with sperm
zygotes are developed into embryos in cow and then removed from uterus
embryos are split into smaller cells
identical embryos are transplanted into host mother
adult cell cloning
nucleus removed from unfertilised egg cell
nuclear from adult cell (skin) is inserted into the egg cell
electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide to form an embryo
embryos contain same genetic info. as adult cell
when embryos are developed into a ball of cells, they inserted into the womb of an adult female.