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Chapter 15 Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits…
Chapter 15 Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health
Quality of Life
defined by the WHO as individuals perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations standards, and concerns.
oral health impacts systemic health
General Health status
most common nutritional disorder in older individuals is obesity
prevalence of obesity increases progressively from 20-60 years of age and decreases after age 60
most common among African Americans and slightly higher among Mexican American than among non-hispanic whites
Malnutrition is another nutrition-related problem diagnosed in older adults admitted to hospitals and long-term care facilities and in those with serious medical problems
Malnutrition is associated with immune response impairment, impaired muscle and respiratory function, delayed wound healing, overall increased complications, longer rehabilitation, longer hospitalizations, and increased mortality
Dietary Restrictions associated with management of chronic diseases:
(Diabetes, Renal Disease, CVD) - confusing especially if more than one condition exists
improper food selection or fear of choosing unhealthy foods may be a factor for inadequate nutrition
Results of treatment to certain diseases can affect eating by creating loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation
Oral Cavity
Oral health problems are indicators of nutritional risk and may be primary contributors to malnutrition
Persistent oral health problems are associated with impaired intake of certain foods and nutrients
Hypogeusia: Loss of taste
May be associated with certain disorders rather than being a normal component of the aging process
Xerostomia
affects half of all adults- compromises oral processing of foods
lack of saliva affects both the oral prepatory and oral phases of swallowing
Edentulism
prevalence of edentulism is nearly twice as high among people aged 85 and up as people ages 65-74 years old
Not inevitable with advancing age.
prevalence among those 50 yrs and older has decreased signifincatnly
Native Americans and African Americans have the highest rates of edentulism
Dental Stomatitis
traumatization and chronic inflammation of mucus membranes supporting a removable denture
Socioeconomic and Psychological Factors
Many changes occur affecting food intake of older adults , most retired people live onfixed incomes that are significantly lower than when they were employed
Inability or lack of transportation affects use of health services and availability for food
Nutritional Requirements
Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs)
revised DRIs added recommendations for individuals 51 - 70 years old and those older than 70.
Metabolism to maintain body functions requires all the same nutrients, but the requirements for most micronutrients are increased because of the effects of aging on absorption, use, and excretion
Fluids
in normal situations , at least 8 glasses of fluid per day is recommended
Energy and Protein
despite the fact the caloric requirements are less, energy balance is usually recommended for older adults
Vitamins and Minerals
Older patients (especially women) usually have a negative calcium balance and lose bone mass, leading to osteoporosis and spontaneous fractures