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10 RULES IN ACADEMIC STYLE, MURNI ATHIRAH BINTI MD ROZI TESL 1 - Coggle…
10 RULES IN ACADEMIC STYLE
Use formal vocabulary
Avoid less formal vocabulary
dads - father
like - such as
a lots of people - a significant number of people
3 - three
5 - five
Use formal verbs
Avoid multiword verbs
Go up - increase
Talk about - discuss
go down - decrease
Bring up - raise
Use full form of verbs
Avoid contractions
Don't - do not
Can't - cannot
Won't - will not
Didn't - did not
Use formal grammar structures
Avoid using too many simple sentences
The environment is increasingly polluted. This is global concern.
The increasing pollution of the environment is a global concern.
Use statements
Avoid questions
Questions is usually for presentation
How are written and spoken English different?
Written English is different from spoken English.
Use impersonal phrases
Avoid personal pronouns and adverbs to show feelings
I, We, You
Remarkably
Amazingly
Luckily
I can think of four main problems.
There are four main problems.
Be precise
Avoid vague words
About, several, thing - Exact figures, factor, issue, topic, aspect, reason
There are several reasons for this.
There are five main reasons for this.
Cite your sources
Avoid vague claims
Everybody knows that most people are unaware of the problem.
Russell (2001) states that over 50% of the population are unaware of the problem.
Use tentative language
Avoid absolute statements
Always, will - Possibly, probably, may, migt, appears to
Education reduces crime.
Education may reduce crime.
It appears that education reduces crime.
10.Use appropriate transitions
Avoid numbering, bullets, basic transitions
and, but, so - as a result, for example, furthermore, in conclusion
And inflation is an important factor.
In addition, inflaction is an important factor.
MURNI ATHIRAH BINTI MD ROZI
TESL 1