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Land forms and Landscapes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - It is the sandpapering effect as loose rock particles carried by the water scrape the solid bedrock. can involve loose particles being flung against a sea cliff or river bank. Corassion is another word.
    - - the sheer power of the water, often compressing the air into cracks in sea cliffs or river banks, causing the breakdown of rocks.
    - - when rocks and boulders transported by waves collide and break up into small pieces. Overtime the rocks become smaller and more rounded
    - - Dissolving of soluble rocks like limestone or chalk
  - - - bouncing or hopping motion of pebbles too heavy to be suspended.
    - - large particles rolling around the sea bed
    - - particles suspended within the water
    - - chemicals dissolved in the water
  - - - The disintegration of rocks without any a chemical change. this involves Freeze-thaw and salt-weathering
    - - decomposition of rocks involving a chemical change and it is usually resulted from acid rain. Carbonation, Hydrolysis and Oxidation
    - - weathering that is done from the actions of living organisms like plants or animals. nesting birds, burrowing animals and plant roots
  - - - Involves the collapse of weak rock like sand or clay, often found at the coast. It is mostly caused by heavy rainfall when sediments become saturated and heavy.
    - - rocks or loose material to slide downhill along a slip plane called a bedding plane, they are often triggered by ground shaking(earthquake) or heavy rain
    - - slumping of loose material often along a curved shear-plane, lubricated by water
- - - - Our River Basin
        
        Main Location: River Calder begins in West Yorkshire, much of it is canalised and it flows to the River Aire in Leeds then into the River Humber in East Yorkshire(where it meets the North sea south of the Holderness Coast)
        
        Geology: near Hebden Bridge there is a geological fault and mud stone, soft rock erodes faster than milestone grit, hard rock forming a waterfall.
        
        Climate: River Calder, heavy rainfall and less sunshine than East Yorkshire. River Humber = moderate rainfall and sunnier than West Yorkshire due to being in a rain shadow of the Pennines. In the Pennines it is colder in the upper course which means more weathering in terms of freeze thaw and more rainfall so more mass movement. Which overall causes the formation of v-shaped valleys in the Pennines.
        
        Overall Geomorphic Processes: Erosion-Attrition and hydraulic action, Transportation-Saltation, Traction, Solution and Suspension. Deposition, Mass Movement- sliding and slumping of V-shaped Valleys, Weathering-Biological & Mechanical/Physical
        
        Human Activities: Upper- River Calder, canalization, raised river walls in Mytholmroyd, afforestation, reservoirs(Scammonden Dam and Leaky Dams), economic activity= Hill Sheep Farming. Middle- River Aire, Channelization of the river making the river straight, economic activity- Hill Sheep Farming, reservoirs and dams in the upper course(Southern Pennines)-reduces transportation downstream and this affects the formation of floodplains and levees. Channelization-Hebden Bridge- less erosion due to concrete-less likely of meanders to form. Deforestation in the upper, soil is not bound together by the roots and so an increased chance in mass movement.
      - Processes + Landforms: Vertical erosion (abrasion and hydraulic action) and weathering in winter in the form of freeze thaw, of valley sides and mass movement creates V-shaped Valleys in Southern Pennines. Waterfalls (Lumb falls- geology- mud stone and milestone grit). A waterfall is formed when there are different rates of erosion like abrasion on mud stone(soft rock) and milestone grit(hard rock). The soft rock erodes forming a plunge pool and a notch. As the notch grows the overhang collapses forming a gorge. Lumb Falls is near Hebden Bridge
      - Location: West Yorkshire