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Speaking - Coggle Diagram
Speaking
Approaches to speaking
fluency and confidence
activities
weekend plans
talking about films
aims
become more fluent and confident
use of active knowledge
trying out the lg students learnt
suggestions
topic and cues
sts/ teachers - bring a topic and cue to class
structuring talk
sts' main role
avoiding the talk-talk loop
no response from sts- teacher asks sg else
open questions
rather than close ones
playing devits advocate
taking opposiong points in order to spur on conversatio
ways to start lively discussions
common groupings
whole class seated
smaller number of students speak
small groups
pairs
whole class mingling
largest number of students speaking
how is discussion going
frame a good discussion well
prep time
don't interrupt the flow
role cards
break the rules
buzz groups
problems
lack of motivation
no relevant knowledge
lack of interest in the subject
no experience
how to organise learners in speaking tasks
be reasonably close together
make up eye contact
they can hear what the other says
match requirements of specific activity
Different kinds of speaking
why genre is important
learners have to learn how to speak in different situations
genre
variety of speech
manner, style, tone,quantity,volume,directness,choice of words,formlity, type of content
varieties of speech genre
chatting with friends
making a phone enquiry
explaining medical problems to a doctor
street directions
being more specific about genre
why, where, who
practising micro skills
interrupting politely in an informal social conversation
basic lesson sequences
set task
plan the speaking
rehearse speakng
do the task
reflection
add/correct/revise
redo task
fluency, accuracy and communication
running a fluency activity
teacher monitors
get sts speak
more STT than TTT
be clear about differing aims
fluency-focused work
accuracy-focused work
immediate corrrection
interrupts the flow
takes the focus off their message
atudents find hard to continue after that
ideas for correction work after fluency activity
invent the story that includes errors
write sentences on the board
peer correction
self-correction
scaffolding
more competent speaker helps the less competent in speaking
helps the speaker to construct his conversation
techniques
unobtrusively giving a word or a phrase
saying the correct form of an incorrect word
showing interest and agreeing
encouragement echo
asking for clarification of unclear information
asking brief questions
giving the correct pronounciation
role play, real play and simulation
role play
preparation time
role cards
opinions on issues
background information about the role
points relevant to task
discusions and arguments
guidelines
give feedback
time to prepair their ideas
make sure that sts understand the idea
they can lead to discussions and arguments
situation
much more complete or complex word
large-scale role play
lot of background info
real play
someone = role of initiator --> then swap roles
improvising
situations from participants' real life
individually/pair/groups
helpful feedback
lg help
suggesting some typical phrases that can be used
communicative activities
non-cmmunicative activities
simple vocab ecxercises
repetition
drills
speeches
simple grammar practice activities
some communicative tasks
puzzles and problems
picture different tasks
group planning tasks
rankinng tasks
pyramid discussions
boards games