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Grave's Disease, caused by, by, normal, regulated by, secreted by,…

- - - - excessive iodine
      - negative feedback on TSH
      - dec in TBG
      - weight gain
      - CVS complications
      - puffiness
      - lethargy
      - bradycardia
    - - tremors
      - clubbing
      - weight loss
      - tachycardia
      - flushing
      - edema
    - - growth pattern
        
        nodular goiter
        
        diffuse goiter
      - size
    - - hypothyroid
      - non toxic
      - toxic
    - - benign
      - malignant
- - - - 3-16%
      - 8-25%
    - - hypothyroidism
    - - I - 123
        
        Harmless
      - I- 131
        
        destroy thyroid gland
    - - hyperthyroidism
  - - - hishimoto's thyroiditis
      - grave's disease
    - - Hashimoto's thyroiditis
    - - blocking TRAbs
        
        hashimoto's disease
        
        hypothyroidism
      - neutral TRAbs
        
        no effect
      - stimulating TRAbs
        
        grave's disease
        
        hyperthyroidism
  - - - ordered together with TSH
      - thyroxine test
      - most common
      - two test
        
        total T4
        
        free T4
    - - normal range (100-200 ng/dL)
      - high level
        
        grave disease
      - check for triiodothyronine hormone
    - - test for thyroid stimulating hormone
      - normal range (0.4-4mIU/L)
      - high level
        
        pituitary gland tumor
        
        high anti-thyroid hormone medication dose
        
        hypothyroidism
      - low level
        
        high thyroid hormone medication
        
        damage to the pituitary gland
        
        hyperthyroidism
    - - measures binding capacity to TBG
        
        high level of estrogen
        
        pregnancy
        
        kidney problems
- - - - 2 lobes
        
        isthmus
      - anterolateral
        
        ant. border of SCM
        
        sternohyoid & sternothyroid muscles
        
        sup. belly of omohyoid
      - anterior to larynx
      - 2 layers
        
        inner thin fibrous capsule
        
        exterior capsule layer
      - medial
        
        thyroid & cricoid cartilages
        
        upper 6 tracheal rings
      - posteriorly
        
        inf. thyroid a.
        
        parathyroid gland
        
        carotid sheath
        
        recurrent laryngeal n.
    - - TSH
        
        pituitary gland
        
        TH secretion
        
        iodine #
        
        tyrosine
        
        Mech. involves incorporation of iodide
        
        TRH
        
        hypothalamus
      - T4
      - T3
        
        thyroid receptor
        
        GH
        
        GIT motility
        
        carbs, proteins & fats metabolism
        
        CO & HR
        
        BMR
      - calcitonin
    - - caused by
        
        Graves disease
        
        TSHR antibodies
        
        TSH analogous without negative feedback
        
        hypertrophy #
        
        toxic multinodular goiter
        
        chronic iodine insufficiency
        
        thyroiditis
        
        increased iodine intake
    - - caused by
        
        Hashimoto's
        
        lymphocyte infiltration and fibrosis
        
        Tg and TPO antibodies
        
        destruction of the thyroid
        
        Iodine deficiency
        
        congenital
        
        cretinism