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Employment - Coggle Diagram
Employment
Labour
4 labour codes by M of Labour and Employment
Code on wages
Code on social security 2020
objective
amend and consolidate laws- social security
to extend social security to all employees and workers either in organised/unorg sectors
replaced
9 acts
Maternity Benefit Act
The unorganized worker's social security act, 2008
Advantages
to unorganised, gig ,platform, building and construction workers
offers social security to the most vulnerable sections in the society
social security and cess wrt building and other construction workers
not more 2%
not less than 1 %
deposit to authority notif by state govt
social security
a measure of protection provided by society to individual and households to ensure acess to
health care
guaranteed income secuirty
essential for every human being
very imp for - old aged, unemployment, injury caused during work, loss of bread winner, maternity
eg- Ayushman Bharat. UBI - considered as social secutiy measures
for employees it means
paid leaves - sick leaves
min wages
breaks in b/w the work
maternity benefits
work injuries
platform workers
a work arrangement outside the traditional employer-employee relationship
where individuals or organisatioms use an online platform to access other organisations or individuals
to provide a specific service or any other activity that may be notified by Central Govt. in exchange for payment
individuals who use an app (Uber) or a website to provide a service in return fro money
gig workers
eg - freelance workers
A person who performs work or participates in a work arrangement and earns from such activities outside of traditional employer- employee relationship
A free market system in which
temporary positions are common
and organisations hire independent workers for short term commitments
cons
Erosion of traditional economic relationships b/w workers, businesses and clients.
No social security benefits
pros
Makes work more adaptable to the needs of moment,
eg - too much in particular season, company can hire independent workers w/o obligation of providing them full term employment
can benefit workers, consumers, businesses
gig economy is still at a very nascent stage in India
facts
15 million freelance workers in India
US- 53 million
ASSOCHAM
said - India's gig economy would grow at an annual rate of 17% to touch a figure of $455 billion in next 3 years - 2024
defines platform, gig workers
issues
Failed to delineate platform work from gig work and unorganised work
way forward
British SC verdict - Rights of Uber drivers are recognised in Britain so similar legislations or SC judgements in India should come so that right of gig workers in India re also protected
Code in industrial relations
code on OSH and working conditions
issues
not acknowledge gender wage gap or non-payment of wages and bonuses
ignore informal workers and mostly women workers
advantages
to promote ease of doing business
Govt Measures(for formalization of labour market )
introduction of Universal Account Number
National Career Service Project
bridges gap b/w job seeker and employers
MUDRA and STAND-UP India to create formal credit to businesses
Under PM Rozgar Protsahan Yojana (ended on March 2019) Govt paying 12% of employer contribution to EPFO wrt new employees for first 3 yrs of their employment