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Chapter 4: Embodiment Design - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4: Embodiment Design
4.1 Product architecture, Configuration
Design and Parametric design
• Product architecture - Determining the arrangement of the physical elements of the design into groups
• Process to establish product architecture
Create a schematic diagram
Cluster the elements of the schematic
Create a rough geometric layout
Identify the interactions between modules
Example:
Fully Automatic Washing Machine
• Configuration
Design - Design special purpose parts and the selection of standard components, like pumps and motors
• Factors to be considered during sketches
Function – Are the shapes able to execute the function properly? (Ex: Connect two parts, hold the axle)
Material selection – Do the material able to withstand the forces?
Manufacture method – How to manufacture the component? Time required? Cost? (Ex: Drilling, cutting, molding)
• Configuration design is continuous process of refining and patching.
Refining – making an object less abstract and have more detailed descriptions
Patching – Modification/improvement without changing its function
• Parametric design - Determine the exact values, dimensions and tolerances of the components
• Objective : Set values for the design variables that will produce the best possible design considering performance and manufacturability
Dimensions – Specify size, location and orientation of features of the component
Tolerances – Permissible variation from the specified dimension
• Tighter tolerances
– Less play or chance for vibration in moving parts
– High manufacturing cost
• Larger tolerances
– Low manufacturing cost
– Easier to assemble the components
– Poorer system performance
Parametric design steps
Understand the design problem
Find alternative design
Analyze & evaluate
Refine & Optimize
4.2 Design for Manufacturing & Design
for Assembly
• Design for Manufacturing (DFM)
based on minimizing the cost of production including minimizing the time to market while maintaining a high standard of quality for the product
provides guidance in the selection of materials and processes and generates piece part
Design for Assembly (DFA)
the study of the ease of assembling various parts and components into a final product
A lower number of parts and an ease of assembly contribute to reducing the overall cost of the product
4.3 Design for Environment
often called green design, environmentally conscious design, life- cycle design or design for recyclability
Factors contributed to Design for
Environment
1) Economics
2) Customer Expectation
3) Government Regulation
4.4 Ergonomic and Human Factor Design
the design to optimize human well-being and overall system performance by understanding interactions among human and designed products or systems
Make control reflect or map the operation and easy to handle
Utilize constraints to prevent incorrect actions