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Chapter 5: Tourism Policy & and Planning Process - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 5: Tourism Policy & and Planning Process
5.1 Understanding Policy Making
Policy formulation takes place within a system that is generally stable in terms of the micro environment
Examine policy processes
Policy-making as a decisions
Policy-making as issue identification and management
Policy-making as a cycle
Policy-making as a sociopolitical construction
The process of making policy is complex, multilayered & involve many institutions and actors
7 The policy cycle
Consultation
Selection of preferred alternative
Identification of policy solution & instruments
Implementation
Analysis of issues
Evaluation of policy solutions
Identification of issues
Two reason understanding tourism planning & policy-making
Improve policy making practice
Help to refine & improve content of policy
The systems approach recognizes that interaction occur between actors & agency
5.2 Policy making as Decision Making
Incrementalism Approach
External factor
Incremental basis
Historical events
Public Choice Approach
Decisions on economic self-serving interest, government & bureaucrats
Seek to minimize their own
Framework for understanding policy development based on application of economic principles
This theory leads to conclusions that government decision-making
The Rational Comprehensive Approach
Policy-making is a rational and logical process
Identification & analysis of problems
Implementation of a 'best-fit' solution
Setting of goals
5.3 Policy as Issue Identification & Management
5.4 Policy making as Sociopolitical Construction