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Physics Topic 3 Particle Theory - Coggle Diagram
Physics Topic 3 Particle Theory
States
Solid
packed in a regular structure. Strong forces so particles don't move. Difficult to change shape.
Liquid
Close together. Forces keep contact but can move about. Can change shape but difficult to compress.
Gas
Separated by large distances. Forces are weak so constantly, randomly moving.
Changing State
Freezing
- Liquid turns to solid.
Boiling/ Evaporating
- Liquid turns to gas.
Melting
- Solid turns to liquid.
Sublimating
- Solid turns directly into gas.
Condensating
- Gas turns to liquid.
Physical change
- No new substance is made, reaction can be reversed.
Conservation of Mass
- When substances change state, their mass doesn't change.
Energy Transfers
Specific Latent Heat
Energy needed to change 1kg of substances' state.
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
Energy needed to change 1kg of solid to liquid at the same temperature.
Specific Latent Heat Vaporisation
Energy needed to change 1kg of liquid to gas at the same temperature.
Energy needed= mass X specific latent heat
Specific Heat Capacity
Energy needed to raise 1kg of substance by 1℃. Depends on: mass of substance, what substance, energy put into the system.
Change in Thermal Energy= mass X specific heat capacity X temperature change
Internal Energy
Energy stored inside a system by particles
Internal energy is the total of the kinetic and potential energy in of all the particles in a system.
Heating changes the energy stored within a system
Heating causes a change in state. As particles separate, potential energy stored increases. Heating increases the temperature therefore particles move more which also increases the kinetic energy.
Pressure
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Pressure of a fixed volume of gases increases as temperature does. (more frequent successful collisions)
Temperature of gas is linked to the average kinetic energy of the particles.
If kinetic energy increases then so does the temperature of the gas.
No kinetic energy is lost when particles collide with each other or the container.
Gas particles are in a constant state of random motion.
Density
mass of substance in a given volume.
Density= Mass / Volume
