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ARA102 F20 Topic (5) Politico-Religious Movements 9am Group 4,…
ARA102 F20 Topic (5) Politico-Religious Movements
9am Group 4
Sufism
Based on the Quran and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammed PBUH.
It is also known as Tasawwuf while followers are known as; Fuqara', Awliya' and Darawish.
A combination of Islamic Spiritualism. Mysticism and Asceticism .
Sunni schools of jurisprudence (madhahib)
Hanafi
Founder: Abu Hanifa Al-Nu'man
Emerged in Iraq
Maliki
Founder: Malik b. Anas
emerged in Madina
Shafi'i
Founder: Muhammad b. Idris Al-Shaf'i
evolved in Egypt
Hanbali
Founder: Ahmad b. Hanbal
emerged in Iraq. Today it is only found in Saudi Arabia due to conservative nature.
Islam's two primary sources are the Quran and Hadiths, yet there are certain matters that aren't discussed in either of those- this is when the schools of jurisprudence are relied onto make interpretations based on sharia and fiqh. All their interpretations are equally valid.
All 4 schools had students and books that allowed their legacy to live on.
Schools of theology
The study of aqeeda (creed, doctrine, dogma)
concerns matter of faith, particularly the 6 pillars of Iman
Mu'tazila
A school of theology that believed in reason over revelation
Ash'ariya
Opposed the Mu'tazila school
Held a more traditional rather than conservative view.
Founder: Abu AlHasan AlAsh'ari
It put an end to the Mu'tazila and it is widely accepted as the only school of theology.
The Shia
First seen in 632, when succession to the prophet was rasing questions.
They believe Ali b. Abi Talib, the prophet cousin and son in law, was the heir chosen by the prophet.
The shia's have many sub-branches, the three largest group are:
All the branches follow the same doctrine of Imamate
Zaydiyya
The 2nd Largest group in Shia. The have 5 imams, and they are named after Zayd b.Ali, who they consider their 5th imam.
Ismailiya
They have 7 imams, and they are recognized after Ismail b. Ja'far.
Imamiyya / Twelvers
Largest branch of Shia. They have 12 Imam, starting with Ali, and ending with Muhammad
The Shia are the second largest group of Muslims after Sunnis. Shiism, is inherently both political and religious
They differ in:
Law
Ritual
Doctrine
Religious organization
Politics
Important dates and dynasties
Fatimid Caliphate (909-1171)
Buyid dynasty (930 - 1048)
Alavid dynasty (864-928)
Religious authorities in Yemen (897-1962)
Idrisid Dynasty (780-974)
Ashura (10 Muharram),the day Ali's Son al Hasayn was killed
Muslim Brotherhood : A highly influential and religo-political movement
Founded
At 1928
By Hasan al-Bana
According to him, it's not a political party.
or a charity organization, although they do both
Was shot in 1949.
In Egypt
Aim
But soon found their way in politics and deep engagements against colonial control and western influence
To spread Islamic moral and good work
Important dates:
1940s: they gained 2 mill followers
1948: dissolved by the Egyptian government
1954: banned by the government
2011: Revolution happened
2012: A huge victory for them because of the presidential election (Muhammad Mursi)
2013: His presidency ended, was overturned, and prisoned.
Wahhabism
Established in the 18th century by and named after Muhammad b. Abd al-Wahhab
Muḥammad b. Abd al-Wahhab did not have political protection for a long period of time until an alliance was made between him and Muhammad b. Saʿud, the founder of the first Saudi state
Strictly prohibited foreign influences on Muslims and preached tawhid (monotheism)
Evolved into a legacy of intolerance and extremism against anyone who did not follow tawhid
3 acts of challenge were infamously committed to solidify this belief
Destruction of the monument of Zayd b. al-Khattab, a companion of Prophet Muhammad, due to it's popularity
The stoning of an adulteress due to her inappropriate sexual behavior and lack of repentance for such behavior
The cutting of a sacred tree that was visited for blessings by the local community
Religious movement that integrated politics to achieve its goals
Teachings included
Shaving beard/smoking tobacco/abusive language were punishable acts
removal of any foreign traditions and teachings
Mandatory public prayer
Participating Members
11/17 - 11/24:
Mariem Awad
Mohammad Nawid Qarizadeh
Noureldin Salam
Ahmed Al Hemrani