CHAPTER 5- THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION

THE NATURAL RESOURCES

Clean, pure mountain air

land

The mineral water

The water in lakes and seas

The environment

The farmed environment

The built environment

The natural environment

Wildlife

Natural resources

Seas

Caves

River and lakes

Beaches

Mountainous areas

Natural woodland

Villages and townscapes

Transport infrastructure

Individual building and structures

Dams and reservoirs

Water

Climate

Air

Agriculture Landscape

Man- made forests

Fish farms

Birds

Flora

Land based mammals and reptiles

Insects

Fish and marine mammals

  1. THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

MAJOR POTENTIAL IMPCATS

FLORAL AND FAUNAL SPECIES COMPOSTITON

NATURAL RESOURCES

ESOSIAN

VISUAL IMPACTS

POLLUTION

Water pollution

Air pollution

Noise pollution

Facilities

Litter

Sewage, algal blooms

Change in land used for primary production

Change in Hydrological patterns

Change in risks of occurrence of fire

Damage to river banks

Change in risk of avalanche occurrence

Damage to geological features

Killing of animals through hunting

Creation of a wildlife reserve

Disruption of breeding habits

  1. THE FARMED ENVIRONMENT

Intensive crop-rearing

Nomadic communities of people engaged in live-stock raising

Monocultural cash crops

Areas where timber is farmed

Traditional Mixed farming

Negative impacts

New tourism developments eat up farm land and use water that is required for agriculture

The jobs offered in tourism may tempt young people to give up farming.

Tourist can trample crops, or light fires in woodland that get out of control

  1. WILDLIFE

Tourism which is based on hunting wildlife including fishing trips

Visitors attraction

Marine life

Traditional events

Major attraction for tourist

The exploitation of animals

  1. THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Harmful to wildlife

Disrupting breeding patterns

Fires in woodlands

Affecting feeding habits

People picking rare plants

The destruction of habitats

Less than 3 levels

Small- scale settlements

Large-scale settlements

Individual buildings and structure

Several dimensions to the built environment

Historic villages

Historic buildings

Modern architecture

Old Building

Historic building

Modern purpose-built tourist resorts

Individual building and architecture

Tourism infrastructure

THE 5 ASPECTS OF THE OF THE ENVIRONMENT: SOME GENERAL COMMENTS

Provide amotivation for governments to conserve the natural environment and wildlife

Raise tourist awareness of environmental issues and lead them campaign foe environmental protection

Keep farms viable

Provide new uses for derelict buildings in towns and cities

TOWARDS A MORE SUSTAINABLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENT

Visual impacts

Restoration

Infrastructure

Erosion

Urban form

Pollution

Air pollution from non-tourist

Air pollution from tourist and tourist traffic

Damage to built assets from feet and vehicular traffic (including vibration effects)

Restoration and preventions of historic building and sites

Restoration of derelict buildings as second homes

Re- use of disused buildings

New architectural styles

Litter

Growth of the built- up area

Beautification

Environmental management to adapt areas for tourist use

Provision of new infrastructure or upgrading of existing infrastructure

Overload of intrastructure

Change to the urban fabric

Change in residential, retail or industrial land uses

The concept of ecosystem

Regulation of the negative impacts

Encouraging Good practice

Designed to be energy- efficient

Built to an appropriate site

Keeping a sense of proportion

Paying a price that covers the environmental costs of tourism

Raising awareness amongst tourist and the industry

Maintaining a balance between conservation and development

THE DANGERS OF CONSERVATION

Clear link between tourism and conservation

Many conservation projects are wholly or partly funded by income from tourism

The destruction of the environment caused by large- scale

A major attraction of tourists has given an economic motivation for conservation

CONCLUSION

Tourism can have both negative and positive impacts

environmental conservation has some inherent dangers

The environment has five elements

Set of principles that might make tourism more environmental friendly