Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
41 y/0 women present with Hemoptysis for 1 month and prolonged fever,…
-
pathogenesis:
- host inhales droplet nuclei containing tubercle bacilli
- bacteria travels to lungs alveolar
- alveolar macrophages takes up bacteria via phagocytosis and majority were destroyed
- those survived, multiply inside macrophages and induced cell mediated immunity
- immune cell surround infected area forming GRANULOMA
- 90-95% become latent after that, if immune system compromised, bacteria escaped and multiply.
- spread to upper lobes triggering immune system forming more caseous necrosis.
- cavitates formed, bacteria disseminates to systemic or back into airways
-
-
-
-
Treatment and management
- most conmon TB drugs -> Isoniazid , Rifampin, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide
Drug Resistance TB - use combination antibiotics such as fluoroquinalones with amikacin / capreomycin for 20-30 months
Add on therapy for resistance tb will be Bedaquiline and Linezolid
sign and symptoms
1)bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer
2)pain in the chest
3)coughing up blood or sputum
4)weakness and fatigue
5)weight loss
6)no appetite
7)chills
8)fever
9)night sweats
complications
1)spinal pain
2)joint damage
3)liver or kidney problems
4)cardiac tamponade(heart)
5)meningitis(swelling of the brain membranes)
Causes: Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria
Risk factors:
- Immunosuppressed patients
-AIDS patients
-diabetes
-certain cancers
-malnutrition
-taking drugs to treat rgeumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis
- Travelling/living in areas/countries that hve high rates of TB cases( India, Indonesia, China, Philippines)
- Poverty and substance use:
-lack access to medical care
-IV drugs abuser
-excessive alcohol consumption
-tobacco use
- Working/living place:
-health care workers
-living with someone infected with TB
-
-
