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Oct 1st-Environmental Issues - Coggle Diagram
Oct 1st-Environmental Issues
Zombie Fires
Fire from previous season
smoulder under ground
which is made up of carbon-rich peat
when weather warms
fire can reignite
cause large scale
environment damage
fire regimes
arctic are changing rapidly
frozen tundra region
SAFAR & AQI & NAAQS
AQI tools
effective communication
air quality status
to people in terms
which are easy to understand
calculated
8 major air pollutants
Ground-level ozone
PM10, PM2.5, Lead
Carbon monoxide, Ammonia
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide
SAFAR
System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research
national initiative
introduced by MoES
measure
air quality of metropolitan city
system
indigenously developed
by IITM pune
and operationalized by
IMD
NAAQS
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Pollutants covered under
SO2, NO2, PM 10, PM 2.5
O3, Pb, CO, NH3, C6H6, BaP, As, Ni
air pollutants
recognised to exist indoors
including
NOx,SO2,O3,PM,
common to both
indoor and outdoor environments
CO,VOCs,radon and microorganisms
cause by
Burning of incense sticks
strong smell producing substances
and insecticides
avg level of organic compounds
in indoor air 2-5 times
higher than that of outdoor air
Stubble burning
in PJ & HR
burn 35 million tons of crop waste
from their paddy fields
IARI
developed ‘bio-decomposer’ capsules
used to prepare
liquid formulation
decompose crop residue
and turn it into manure
Alternative use of Stubble Burning
Waste Decomposer
Converting Crop Stubble
into Animal Feed, Manure, Cardboard
Happy Seeder
Converting Crop Stubble
to Biodegradable Cutlery
Incentivising Farmers
to Grow Crops
that Don’t Guzzle Water
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
increased use of nitrogen fertilizers
for food production
increased nitrous oxide
in atmosphere
GHG gas
300 times more potent
than carbon dioxide
which remains
in atmosphere longer than
human lifetime
failure to include
N2O within climate mitigation strategies
D/F
Agriculture soils
contributed over 70% of N2O emission
from India in 2010
Waste water 12%
residential and commercial activities 6%
Since 2002
N2O has replaced methane
2nd largest GHG gas
from Indian Agriculture
Stockholm Convention
global treaty to protect
human health and environment
from
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
exposure to POPs
can lead to cancer
identified
chemical substance
persist in the enviro
bio-accumulate in
living organisms
adversely
affect human health/enviro
Union Cabinet
ratified of Stockholm convention
banning 7 hazardous chemical
Global warming
CO2
aids in photosynthesis of plants
making them grow more
but at the same time
restricts the plant´s ability
to absorb nitrogen
thus restricting crop growth
Ocean Acidification
rise in CO2 levels
acidified ocean
leading to weakening
shells and skeletons of animals
living in the sea
food security
higher temperatures
during growing season
in tropics and sub-tropic regions
in Saharana and sub-saharan Africa
and part of South America
affect crop productivity
Particulate Matter
Atmospheric aerosols
affect climate of earth
by changing the amount
incoming solar radiation and
outgoing terrestrial longwave radiation
retained in earth system
PM
interfere with
photosynthesis functions
can clog
stomatal opening of plants
High PM concentrations
in the atmosphere
can lead to growth
stunting or mortality
in some plant species
PM causes
visual effects such as smog
hygroscopic
due to presence of sulfur and SO2
converted to sulfate
when high humidity and
low temperature are present
caused reduced visibility and yellow color
PM 2.5 particles
cause
inflammation and damage
before travelling through
bloodstream
severe health issues
can enter the lungs
NOx
triggers the formation
ground level ozone
and leads to secondary
particulate matter
worseninf health risks
World Resources Institute
US accounts
for nearly a quarter of cumulative
global CO2
emissions since 1850
compared with
India contributing 2%
and China contributing 7.5.%
Green Crakers
Green firecrackers
release water vapour
and dont allow dust particles to rise
produced
dont contain
such as
lithium, arsenic, barium and lead
banned chemicals
less harmful raw materials
have small shell size
doest emit
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
Only used in National Capital