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Hot Desert Revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Oil
        
        Saudi Arabia
        
        Help the LICs to become NEEs with the energy and wealth oil provides
      - Phosphate
        
        For fertilisers
        
        Allows farmers to grow more and better crop yeilds, helping subsistence and commercial farming
      - Iron ore reserves
      - Contributed up to 35% of Moroccos exports in 2011, helping their balance of trade
      - Miners earn regular and secure wages, as well as pay tax back to fund public services
    - - Cheap
      - Renewable
      - There are 330 sunny days a year in the desert
      - Morocco has the largest solar panel farm in the world
        
        3500 football fields in size
        
        Could power the city of Praque
      - Creates high skill and high pay jobs
      - Investment opportunities
      - It is reliable
        
        Homes and businesses can function without fear of frequent and random power cuts
    - - Multiplier effect
        
        One economuc activity benefits another, circulating money around the hospitality industry
      - 10 million people visited Morocco in 2017
      - All tourists pay a tax (visa)
    - - 130,000 rugby pitches worth of Sahara land is used for farming
      - 90,000 metric tonnes of dates were produced in Morocco in 2017
        
        Can be used for people, camels and exports
      - Mild winter temperatures allow for off-season crops to be grown in coastal areas
      - 140,000 camels are bred every year and farmed for dairy products.
  - - - Working in 40 degrees or -4 degrees (celcius) can both be dangerous
      - The hot season is too hot for tourists, forcing tourism to be a seasonal business
      - Physical work and labour is difficult, meaning work like farming and mining is resricted to certain times in the day.
    - - Rainfall is unpredictable and very low
        
        No more than 70mm in some places
      - Most rivers only flow for part of the year, so a constant water supply is difficult to source
      - Aquifers are being used up quicker than they can naturally refill
        
        Since 1969, the aquifer beneath Morocco has lost 15m of water every year
    - - It can take trucks 5 days to transport salt from salt mines in Mali out of the desert
      - Providing medical services to remote areas is difficult
      - Due to the lack of transport infrastructure, products, materials and people have to travel by air- which is expensive
      - Pipelines to transport oil and gas are very expensive to build
      - Most settlements don't have running water or electricity, and they are too remote for it to be set up
    - - Weather is too harsh for construction to take place
  - - - Tunisia
      - Sudan
      - Western Sahara
      - Niger
      - Morocco
      - Mauritania
      - Mali
      - Libya
      - Egypt
      - Chad
      - Algeria
- - - - Lack of contraception and high birth rates mean that the population rises with each generation
      - Younger girls also get married and bear children for older men
    - - 1.2-1.3 billion people live in desert areas, so resources are needed to keep warm and survive
      - Due to the desert simply not having the resources necessary to meet demand, trees are stripped barren.
    - - Weather patterns are changing globally because of rising temperatures and icecaps melting
      - This could lead to mass-extinction of species of plants and animals
      - The desert is exposed to futher and more intesnse drought, making is even more inhospitable
      - There is less rain in deserts now than there was 50 years ago
    - - Too many animals being farming in one place, stripping the land bare of vegetation and minerals. Crop yeilds become exponentially worse
      - Farmers cannot let the soil rest as they need income all year round, and the government does not endorse breaks in farming
    - - The other factors cause the barren and dry land to become cracked and destroyed by weather
  - - - Tree roots hold soil together to reduce erosion
      - The Great Green Wall of Senegal
        
        A wall of Acaia trees across 11 countries to stop the spead of the Sahel
        
        Acacia trees are drought resistant
        
        5,000 miles long
        
        11 million trees
    - - Farming sustainably
      - Using fertilisers
      - Farming less cattle and more crops
    - - Storing water in earth dams in the wet season and irrigating crops in the dry season
      - Drip irrigation
        
        Hose pipes are layed alongside crops and small holes drip water closer to the roots
        
        This makes water use more efficient, leading to larger yeilds, which means more income as well as tax, creating better public services
    - - Zai
        
        Crop holes are left uncovered, captuing rain and nutrients
      - Stone lines
        
        Short stone walls are erected along contours in the ground to capture water and reduce run off. This revitalises soil and can be used for drinking water
      - 3 Lows
        
        Low tech
        
        Local people
        
        Low cost
- - - - Long eyelashes, hairy ears and closing nostrils to keep out sand
      - Thick eyebrows that stand out to shade eyes from the sun
      - Wide feet to prevent sinkage in sand
      - They can go over a week without water because they drink gallons in one go
      - They can go months without food because they store fat in their humps
      - Adjustable body temperature to avoid moisture loss through sweat
      - Camoflage
      - Thick fur to keep warm at night
    - - Doesn't need to drink as it absorbs moisture from its prey
      - Can adjust its own metabolism and oxygen intake so that it only needs to eat a couple times a year
      - They are nocturnal
        
        They burrow underground during the day to protect themselves
  - - - Spines
        
        Reduce water loss
        
        Ward off predators
      - Shallow, widespread roots soak up rain as soon as it falls
      - Inflatable stems to hold more water
      - Thick waxy skin