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Desert Revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Over 12hrs a day of sunlight is ideal for solar power.
      - In tunisia, a solar panel farm's going to be built that can supply energy for 2.5 million homes
      - Morocco has the largest solar farm that can power a city the size of Prague.
      - Companies can be set up to generate electricity
      - Green, cheap energy
      - Provides jobs to maintain the farm
      - Electricity can be exported to other countries
      - Not the most efficient method of generating electricity
      - Expensive to set up
    - - Mining contributed up to 35% of exports in Morocco in 2011.
      - Morocco is the world’s third largest exporter of phosphate – this is found in fertilisers
      - Algeria and Mauritania also have large reserves of iron ore
      - Lots of well paying jobs
      - Companies pay tax
      - Mining damages the environment
    - - The Sahara desert attracts many tourists.
      - Locations in Tunisia and Algeria are popular with star wars fans wanting to visit locations of films
      - Nearly 9 million tourists visited Egypt in 2018
      - 10 million tourists visited Morocco in 2017
      - Tourists have to pay tax bringing money into the country
      - Well paying jobs are created, such as staff, restaurant owners etc
      - Taxes are spent on state services such as education, healthcare, emergency services etc
      - Tourism is seasonal and it may be difficult to have income in the off-season.
    - - 130,000 ha of agricultural land across the Sahara.
      - In 2017 Morocco produced 90,000 metric tonnes of dates which were exported all over the world.
      - Camel breeding – 140,000 a year. 380,000 goats, 300,000 sheep and 1,100 cattle - Dairy production and meat.
      - Mild winter temperatures in coastal areas allow the production of vegetable crops in the off-season.
      - Non-seasonal crops can provide income all year round
      - People can farm when tourism is in its off-season
      - Uses a lot of water.
  - - - It is difficult to work in high temperatures
      - Restricts the times of tourism
      - Restricts the possible times for farming
      - Can get cold at night, and working in these temperatures can be dangerous,
    - - Hard to work with limited water
      - Aquifers are being used up
      - Rivers only flow for parts of the year, and is unpredictable.
    - - Lots of pipelines need to be built to transport resources
      - Difficult to build the infrastructure
      - Easiest way to travel is to fly, which is poor for the environment and expensive.
      - Difficult to get to places to develop and work.
      - Providing services such as healthcare is difficult without roads.
      - Preserves the natural environment
- - - - Too many people living in to small of a space.
      - Leads to more subsistence farming and to over-cultivation
      - Damages the environment
    - - People removing wood for fuel
      - Fire is needed for cooking and warmth
      - Leaves the land bare and barren
      - Lack of trees dries out the land, adding to desertification
    - - Hotter and drier weather in deserts
      - More flash floods
      - Could lead to mass extinctions
      - More flash floods washes away the nutrients, creating desets.
  - - - Wall of trees
      - Planted on the southern edge of the Sahel to stop the spread of it
      - Started in 2007
      - In places, it is 7km thick.
      - Countries are paid to plaan trees
      - Senegal has planted 11 million trees
      - Trees (acacia) are drought resistant
      - Trees provide shade for people and crops
      - Leaves provide compost, replacing nutrients
      - Trees increase the humidity, leading to higher rainfall
      - Dried wells have filled up
      - Market gardens work better with the trees, increasing the income, which can be put towards education and healthcare.
      - Since it started, the attendance in schools has increased
      - Sudan has not been able to help
      - Chad is in the middle of a civil war and is no helping
      - Senegal is the only country doing it well.
      - Very expensive - expected to cost $8 billion for the whole project
      - All the money has come from donations from the world bank and other HIC's
      - The project is expected to be competed by ~2035
    - - Managing water for the land
      - Using pipes to drip directly into the soil wasting as little water to evaporation
      - Water going straight into the soil means that none is lost to evaporation
      - Increases the crop yield of the farm
      - Higher crop yield means more income
      - Income is taxed, which can be put towards schools, hospitals etc
      - Expensive to set up
      - Needs a secure water supply which is expensive
      - Needs fertiliser to work effectively.
      - Some farmers go into debt doing this
    - - Stone lines slow down the spread of water
      - Low cost, Low Tech, Local People
      - Traps water and minerals allowing for crop growth
      - Local people can build and maintain them
      - Cheap / free as stones can be bought cheaply or gathered from the local environment
      - Captures nutrients
      - Capturing and keeping nutrients stops desertification as the soil is not eroding and is staying moist.
      - Keeps water for the people
      - Can be spread by word of mouth and demonstrations
      - Crops can be planted between the stone lines
      - Water kept by stone lines is only temporary.
      - Flash floods can wash away stone lines
      - It will not benefit the whole village
      - Land has to be right for it to work
      - Water is lost to evaporation
    - - Traps water around the base of the crops
      - Crop has consistent access to water
      - Simple and Effective
      - More efficient than covering crops
      - Free
      - People want modernisation
      - People who bring it back could get ridiculed for it
      - More time consuming