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Revision Guide History - Coggle Diagram
Revision Guide History
Militarism
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Germany had the stronger army so other countries were jealous and wanted to build up their own army/empire.
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Alliances
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Germany was a newly formed country and decided to have an alliance with their Neighbour Austria. This was the Dual Alliance
Then they added Italy to their alliance to form the Triple alliance because Italy had a coastline good for naval practices and had a border with France
Imperialism
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Kaiser Wilhelm desired a larger empire but most of the good land had already been taken by the European Powers which left him with only one option Kaiser Wilhelm - Needing “ a place in the sunThis meant that Kaiser Wilhelm wanted the sun to rise in Germany and set overseas like Africa which lead to the desire of an overseas empire like Britain and Frances
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Naval Arms race
Kaiser Wilhelm was especially keen on giving Germany ‘a place in the sun’ and a larger Empire so he expanded his navy overseas, which caused the naval arms race between Germany and Britain
Pre-War
Tension was built up between all the countries during the different conflicts.
There were two main alliances the Triple Entente and the Triple alliance.The Entente consisted of Britain,France and Russia whereas the triple alliance consisted of Austria,Germany and Italy.When either country was attacked the two alliances would step in for their allies.
The assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo by a Serbian Nationalist group called The Black Hand Gang. He was visiting Sarajevo to make peace with Serbia and to celebrate his anniversary with his pregnant wife. They were shot and killed after their driver, Leopold Lojka, took a wrong turn as he had not been informed of the new route to the hospital.
Consequence
Rejection of the ultimatum, Which then lead to Austria declaring war on Serbia. This was the first step to an all out war.
Serbia rejects Austrian Ultimatum. Austria declares war on Serbia. Serbia has an alliance with Russia so they begin to mobilize their army. Germany realises that they are landlocked so they launch the Schlieffen plan. However Germany had underestimated how fast Russia would mobilize its army.
Moroccan Crisis
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Kaiser Wilhelm promised to help the sultan of morocco leading to Germany taking more control over Morocco
Women
NOW and Womens Lib
June 1966 Betty Friedan met with other feminists in Washington DC to discuss how they could make sure this new law was enforced.By 1970 NOW had approximately 40,000 members
Women’s Lib were more radical in comparison to NOW.Their methods were also different to moderate groups. To begin with, their protests were aggressive. For example, the staged sit ins at company offices that created sexist advertisements and even damaged some offices
NOW (National Organisation of Women) inspired many women to challenge the system. However, for some it was too radical particularly because they supported abortion.
Rights for Women
In 1965 the Supreme Court ruled that Connecticut must allow married women access to the birth control
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In 1963 the Equal Pay Act was passed and sex discrimination was put into the Civil Rights Act. This made it illegal to pay people for different rates doing the same job
Students
Nuclear War
In the 1950s the Cold War had started to escalate between the Soviet Union and the United States Of America where at a point many teens thought there was going to be no tomorrow due to nuclear war.
Rock N Roll
Teens started to see a more rebellious look in life when they saw new performers such a Elvis Presley take to stage.Elvis would act like a man who would rebel against society with his music and what he would wear
Boring Parents
Many Parents from the 1920s wanted a quiet, settled and peaceful life who were more interested in taking care of their families where as teens from the 1950 wanted more enjoyment in life
Vietnam War
Late 1950s and early 1960s America went to war in Vietnam to stop the communists from taking over south Vietnam as they feared for the domino effect.In 1965 American soldiers were deployed however Americans could see what was happening in the war from their TV.In 1969 America issued the draft lottery which made any American above 18 fight in the war if their birthday was picked
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Hippies
The hippie movement took place in the 1960s where people would expose themselves to drugs such as LSD and Magic Mushrooms.They believed in gender and racial equality and many people supported this movement.
German Defeat
Causes
Spring offensive
In 1917 Russia had to pull put of the war as there was a communist revolution in the country which gave Germany high chance of winning.
Effects
Defeat was a big surprise to the German public as many thought that they had been winning the war due to all the propaganda. In October 1918 German sailors refused to obey orders against the British and sooner or later the whole city of Kiel had disobeyed their laws
Consequences
The USA declares war on Germany as they sank their U-Boats which the troops arrive in 1917 who are enthusiastic and energized whereas the German soldiers are tired the Uk had caused a blockade on German ports in the homefront which lead to the turnip winter and had to eat horse food making a rebellion more likely. The defeat however on Germany provided extra men and le
Germany
Abdication/Armistice
When the Kaiser abdicated (resigned) on 9th November it came as a bolt from the blue. When the new government, led by Chancellor Ebert agreed to an armistice on the 11th, not many people saw it coming.
Events came to a head at the end of the month when one of the Kaiser’s admirals ordered the navy out of Kiel harbour to attack the British. Low on ammunition this was a suicide mission. The navy refused and the sailors mutinied. The Kiel Mutiny encouraged Prince Max that the military was no longer following the Kaiser’s orders, so he drafted a letter of abdication (abdication is when a monarch resigns) and released it to the German public.
Weimar Republic
The President- is the elected head of state. He is directly elected by the voting public every 7 years. For most of these 7 years he is a figure head. However, he does have important powers. He chose the Chancellor; could dismiss the Reichstag at will; could suspend the constitution using article 48 which allowed him to pass laws by decree.
The Chancellor-The head of the government and responsible for the day-to-day running of the country. He chose a council of ministers who helped him draft laws. In order to pass these laws he needed a majority in the Reichstag to agree with him.
Reichstag-This one of the two houses of Parliament in Weimar Germany. It’s members were elected every two years by the public using a system called proportional representation. This meant that if a party won 60% of the votes it won 60% of the seats. However, there were 28 political parties who all won votes. This meant that no one party was ever big enough to win power and the system had to rely on coalitions to rule
Reichstrat-The upper house of the German parliament. This consisted of 55 representatives from the Landtag. They could not make laws, but they could delay a law being passed. It would take a two thirds majority in the Reichstag to overrule them.
The Landtag-These were miniature Reichstags and could be found in each of the 18 states (e.g. Bavaria, Prussia) that made up the federal Weimar system. They passed laws that affected just their state. They were elected by the voters of their state.
Treaty of Versailles
Blame-The Treaty of Versailles decreed that Germany, and Germany alone, was to blame for the outbreak of the First World War. This blame was made formal in Clause 231 of the treaty.
Reperations-The French and Belgian delegations in Versailles demanded that the German government be made to pay for the damage. They set the fine (or reparations) at £6600 million (or 136,000 million German marks!) which were to be paid in installments every six months.
Golden years
Foreign policy
The Locarno pact of 1925 was an agreement between the allies that the borders of the TOV were permanent
In 1926,Germany were invited to join the League of Nations in which they could finally be classed as a superpower
Kellogg-briad pact of 1928 was when Germany along with 64 countries that military could only be used for defence
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War at Sea
Heliogoland
This battle was the first naval battle of the war between british and German navies.The Germans lost 1,200 men
The British lost only 35
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Jutland
6000+.June 1st,1916.HMS Queenmary and HMS Infatigable.