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c languages - Coggle Diagram

- - - - with or without sign depending on
        machine implementation
    - - signed
      - unsigned
  - - - short
        
        at least 2 bytes
      - long
      - signed
      - unsigned
  - - - unsigned
- - - - using terminal L or l
      - a number too big to fit
        on int
    - - a number that fit on int type
      - octal notation
        
        es. 031
        
        with qualifiers
        
        es. 031U
        
        031L
        
        031UL
      - exadecimal notation
        
        es. 0X1F
        
        with qualifiers
        
        es. 0X1FU
        
        0X1FL
        
        0X1FUL
    - - using terminal U or u
    - - number with a '.' for decimal part
      - a number with
        exponent notation
        
        es. 1e-2
      - default assigned data type is double
      - float
        
        using terminal F or f
      - long double
        
        using terminal L or l
      - unsigned
        
        using terminal U or u
  - - - es. 'x'
      - numeric value of the character
        machine's character set
        
        es. ASCII
    - - '\' used as prefix
      - alert (bell) character
        
        '\a'
      - backspace
        
        '\b'
      - formfeed
        
        '\f'
      - newline
        
        '\n'
      - carriage return
        
        '\r'
      - horizontal tab
        
        '\t'
      - vertical tab
        
        '\v'
      - backslash
        
        '\'
      - quesion mark
        
        '\?'
      - single quote
        
        '\''
      - byte-sized bit pattern
        
        octal number
        
        es. '\032'
        
        hexadecimal number
        
        es. '\x12'
  - - - phisical storage require one more int
  - - - es. enum boolean {NO, YES};
        
        first value equal to 0, second to 1...
      - es. enum months {JAN=1, FEB, MAR};
        
        FEB equal to 1, MAR to 2..
- - - - &
      - used to mask off some set of bits
    - - |
      - used to extract a subset of bits
    - - ^
      - check differences
  - - - x << 2
        
        shift the value of two positions
        filling vacated with zeros
        
        equivalent to multiplication by 4
      - <<