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Chapter One, Chapter Three, Chapter Four, Chapter Ten, Chapter Twelve,…

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  - - - A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O).
        
        Connecting to Chapter 3
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        Nucleotides are monomers that make up Nucleic Acids
- - - - a polysaccharide is a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.
        
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  - - - Nucleolus
        
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        There is a chain between the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus which occurs through a system of passages; these passages also allow MACROMOLECULES to be easily circulated throughout the nucleus
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- - - - Plasmid is a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan. Plasmids are much used in the laboratory manipulation of genes.
- - - - The repetitive DNA used in DNA profiles consists of short sequences repeated many times in a row. This is called Short Tandem Repeat (STR)
    - - Polymerase chain reaction is a method widely used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample, allowing scientists to take a very small sample of DNA and amplify it to a large enough amount to study in detail.
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- - - - Mitochondria are organelles that use CO2 and O2 to transform chemical energy of food to for ATP that is used for cellular work. It has two membranes-each a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins.
        
        Mitochondria
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        Output: ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. Photosynthesis Input: water, carbon dioxide, and photon energy. Output: Oxygen and glucose.
- - - - Ocean Acidification is when CO2 dissolves in seawater which lowers the PH level of the water.
- - - - Chapter 5 connecting to 2
- - - - A proton is a subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge. Whereas a electron has a negative charge. Finally, a neutron has a neutral charge (or no charge)
- - - - Thermal Energy is energy branched from kinetic, because of the movement of atoms
  - - - ATP powers all forms of cellular work by charges that are crowded together- their mutual repulsion make the triphosphate tail of ATP the chemical equivalent of a compound spring
- - - - a Concentration Gradient is process of particles moving through gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles.