Mezzogiorno (European Peripheral Region)
Primary Activities
Agriculture
Climate
Not Ideal for Farming
Irrigation Necessary
Good For Citrus Fruits and Vines
Tap Roots
Get groundwater
Animals
Upland areas support Sheep
Cannot support Cattle
Reliance on EU Grants
History of Agriculture
Spanish Settled in South Italy
Got peasants to work for them
Made No Money
Absentee Landlords
Overgrazing Occurred
Casa per il Mezzogiorno
Government fund for the south
Set up In the 50's
EU gave money towards it
Bought back land from the Spanish
Divided it between the peasants
Based on land quality
Improvements
Casa per il Mezzogiorno
Educate farmers
Crop Rotation
Stop Subsistence farming
(Farming for the food you need to live on)
Invest in Mechanisation
Grants to buy Machines
Larger profits
Irrigation Schemes
Infrastructure & Port Improvements
AutoStrade del Sol
Big Motorway to the North
Allows export to Larger Markets
Swamps Drained
Reclaiming Fertile Costal Land
Results
Good
Employment
Output Increased
Largest Producer of citron and olive based products in the EU
Largest olive oil producer in the world
Bad
Only Benefited Coasts
Seasonal Overproduction
Expensive
Mountain Areas inland do not benefit
Valleys do not benefit
All Fruit and Vedge are harvested at one time
There is way too much at that one time
Running Irrigation Systems
Grants
Training
Secondary Activities
Manufacturing
History
Didn't Experience Industrial Revolution
Poor & Uneducated Workforce
Poor Local Markets
Lacks Natural Resources
No Agricultural Products to Produce
Couldn't compete with the north
Far away from the rest of the EU
Brain Drain
Improvements
Casa per il Mezzogiorno
Government Funds
Grants
Tax Breaks
Subsidies
40% Of all state owned companies to be set up in the Mezzogiorno
Infastructure
Training of a Workforce
Industrial Estates
New Airport
Calabria
New Moterway
Autostrada del Sol
Joins North and South
Transport Subsidies
Investment in Heavy Industries
Labour Intensive
60% of New Investment
E.g
Steel
Oil Refining
Gass
Chemicals
Cars
Alpha Romeo
Fiat
Growth Poles
Areas of huge investment
Bari-Brindisi-Taranto
Findsider Steelworks
13 Billion Invested
Tripled Since 1960's
To make them less dependant on Agriculture
Negative Effects
No Spin-Off Employment
Hard to Explain
Google It
Created Less Jobs than Intended
High Mechanisation
Not A lot of Low Skill Labour
Pollution
Chemical & Petrol Based industries
Now Paying Heavy Fines
Over-reliance on State Investment
Like Training Wheels
They Cant operate Independently
The Government is Their Sugar Daddy
Still High Unemployment
20%
Certain Areas Got All the Money
Naples
Money Not Spread Evenly
25% of Kids Leave School
After PRIMARY school
Mafia
Have Infulence over most Industry
Still Not as Good as The North
Tertiary Activities
Tourism
Government Policy
Climate & Relief
Warm Temperate Oceanic
Winter
Hot, Dry Summers
Little Rain
Attractive For Tourists
Allows for Outdoor Activities
Mainly Northern European Ones
Enjoy the Better Weather
Temperatures drop to 12 Degrees
Winter Holidays are Very Cheap
Apennine Mountains
Coverd in Snow all Year Round
Great for Skiing Holidays
Tourism is Held Back by Services
Insufficient, Hotels, Restaurants, Resorts and Roads
Tourist Attractions
Apennine Mountains
Snow Sports
Hiking/Mountain Climbing
click to edit
Coastline
Attractive
Like the West of Ireland, but Scorching Weather
Great Beaches
Quieter than the North of Italy
Historical Sites
Pompeii
Try-Hard Point
Herculaneum
Cities
Naples
Bari
Volcanos
Mt. Etna, Sicily
Mt, Vesuvius, Near Naples
Cassa per ill Mezzogiorno
If You cant Remember this at this Point, You're Hopeless
Improve Transport
Motorways
Autostrade Del Sol
Links North and South
Bridges Built
Over Deep Valleys
Tunnels Dug
Through the Mountains
Electrified Rail System
New Airport
Calabria
This Helps Tourists Access the Region
Improve Infrastructure
New Water, Electricity and Sewage System was Built
Thousands of Hotels Built
Essential For Tourists
Government Grants
15% of the Cassa's Budget
Attracted Tourists
12 Million
Mostly from Northern Italy
Tourists Clogged their Beaches
Ferry Connections
Integrate Sicily and Sardinia
Makes them Less Isolated
Ports Developed
New Services needed for This Industry
Local Towns and Cities Expanded
New Tertiary industries needed
Booyah
Results
Population Began to Increase
Migration from North to South
1st Time in History
Services Grew
Plenty of Jobs Made
67% of the Population is Employed in the Tertiary Sector
Cost 2.5 Billion
That's a lot of money
Human Process
Background
Mezzogiorno Population Spread
Takes up 42% of Italy's Land Mass
30% of The Population Live Here
Aprox. 22 Million
Out of 58 Million
Age Spread
Life Expectancy
Men
Women
76 Years
82 Years
Quite Good Rates
Population Decline in The 1960's
Migration
To the North of Italy
To America
Milan
Turin
Genoa
New York City
"Eyyyy, I'm Walkin' 'ere"
Natural Population Decline
4 Million People Total
Less Babies Being Born
Womens Rights Developed
LOL
Catholic Church Had Less Control
Abortion
Contraception
Why They Left
No Money In Farming
Young People Left
No Good Educational Facilities
Leave for the North/America
Population Growth
Why It began to Grow
Improvements in Economy
Cassa per ill Mezzogiorno
Solves All Your Problems
Less People had to Leave to Find Jobs
Immigrants Landed in
Albania
Seeking Asylum
North had a Recession
The South had The Cassa Per ill Mezzogiorno
Solves all Your Problems
It was Fine
Objective 1 EU Funding
Northerners went to The South
To Work
Changed The Migration Pattern
From South To North
To North to South
First Time Ever
How Landscape Effects This
Hard to Live in Mountains
Major Cities are Costal
Bari
Calabria
Naples
Flat, Fertile Coasts
Good for Building
High Population Density
Low Population Density
Apennine Mountains
Rural Population
Like Leaving Delvin for Dublin
Smart, but doesn't Benefit Delvin
Poor People from The Country
Go to the Cities
Because Agriculture has No Money in It
NGL This bit might be Irrelevant, No Harm
Growth of an Urban Area
Location
Population of 210,000
Taranto
Area
Toranto
Gulf of Toranto
Maritime Climate
Key Trading Link
Between Europe and the Middle East
Old City
Located on an Island
Joined to the mainland by two bridges
Was a key naval base
Attracts Tourists
Bay of Toranto
Commercial port
3rd Most Important Port in Italy
Handles 36 Million Tonnes of Freight
Mainly Oil and Steel
Has Italy's largest Steel Works
10 Million Tonnes of Steel per Year
Creates employment
Transport
Cassa Per ill Mezzogiorno
Funding to Improve the Region
Objective 1 Funding
New Roads and Motorways
Autostrade del Sol
Links the North and South of the Country
Railways Expanded
Ports Expanded
Industrial Zone
Bari - Brindisi - Toranto Triangle
Area of Industrial Development
Grants Given
Training for Workers
Heavy Industries
Resulted in a need for better ports and railways
For Transport
New Airport in Calabri
Now linked to Naples
Improved Conditions in Toranto
Education Improved
Jobs Created