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Chapter 10. Semantics and Syntax - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 10. Semantics and Syntax
LANGUAGE CAN BE DESCRIBED AS A SYSTEM WHICH MEDIATES IN A HIGHLY COMPLEX WAY
BETWEEN UNIVERSE OF MEANING AND THE UNIVERSE OF SOUNDS
LINGUISTIC LEVEL
SEMANTIC
PHONOLOGY
CORRELATION WITH SEMANTICS
SYNTAX
INCLUDES THE GRAMMATICAL MARKINGS OF WORDS: SINGULAR, PLURAL, PRESENT AND PAST.
LEXICAL ITEMS
DICTIONARY
GRAMMAR
GENERATIVE SEMANTICS
THE SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION IS A BASE FROM WHICH SYNTACTIC REPRESENTATIONS ARE DERIVED
INTERPRETIVE SEMANTICS
REPRESENTS THE VIEW THAT SEMANTIC READINGS ARE DERIVED BY INTERPRETIVE RULES FROM A SYNTACTIC BASE
SPEAKER´S MODEL (ENCODING)
UNIDIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS THAT LANGUAGE IS INTRINSICALLY ORGANIZED IN A SENSE-TO-SOUND DIRECTION
SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC WELL-FORMEDNESS
NOUN PHRASES
MAY BE A COMPLEMENT OF AN EQUITIVE VERB LIKE BE
VERB PHRASES
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
COMPLEMENT
ADVERBS PHRASES
EMBEDDED SENTENCES OR SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
SEQUENCES: SVO, SVC, SVOC AND SVOO
ZERO MAPPINGS
WE FIND HERE: DUMMY ELEMENTS
AN ELEMENT WHICH EXISTS ON THE SYNTACTIC LEVEL TO FULFIL CERTAIN CONDITIONS OF SYNTACTIC WELL-FORMEDNESS
WHICH HAS NO SEMANTIC CONTENT
NULL ARGUMENTS AND ARGUMENTS WHICH CONTAIN NO FEATURES OTHER THAN THE FUTURE OF DEFINITNESS
TRANSITIVE
VERB
ZERO EXPRESSION
SYNTACTIC OPPOSITIONS
NON-FINITE CLAUSES
AGENT NOUNS ENDING IN -ER
VERBS CAPABLE OF FUNCTIONING AS BOTH TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERB
PREPOSITIONAL ADVERBS CORRESPONDING IN MEANING AND FORM TO PREPOSTIONS
INTRANSITIVE
SUBJECT
SEMANTIC CONTRASTS COMPARED WITH SYNTACTIC CONTRASTS
BOTH ARE ORGANIZED IN TERMS OF CONTRASTIVE OPPOSITIONS
SYNTAX IS MUCH LESS RICH IN DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST THAN SEMANTICS
THE OPPOSITIONS OF COUNTABILITY AND PLURALITY
PROCESSES INVOLVED IN EXPRESSION RULES
UTTERANCES WHICH ARE SEMANTICALLY ILL-FORMED BUT SYNTACTICALLY WELL-FORMED
UTTERANCES WHICH ARE SYNTACTICALLY ILL-FORMED BUT SEMANTICALLY WELL-FORMED
UTTERANCES WHICH ARE BOTH SEMANTICALLY AND SYNTACTICALLY ILL-FORMED
LEXICALIZATION
THE PROCESS OF FINDING WORDS FOR PARTICULAR SETS OF SEMANTIC FEATURES
AND HAS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ROLE OF PACKAGING A CERTAIN SEMANTIC CONTENT
SINGLE WORD OR A PHRASE
STRUCTURAL COMPRESSION
IT HAS AS EFFET STRUCTURAL COMPRESSION
REDUCING THE COMPLEXITY OF STRUCTURE IN TERMS OF NUMBER OF ELEMENTS AND DEPTH OF SUBORDINATION
DELETION OR ELLIPSIS
THE USE OF PRO-FORMS
NULL ARGUMENTS
DEFINITE OPERATOR
ELEMENTS WHICH REPEAT THE CONTENT OF OTHER ELEMENTS: COSEMY
CORRESPONDENCE OF MEANING
LINEARIZATION
SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION
INTO A FULLY SEQUENTIAL FORM APPROPRIATE TO THE UNAVOIDABLE TIME-BOUND PHONETIC TRANSMISSION OF THE MESSAGE
FOR ANY SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION, THERE CAN BE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAMS
THE DEFINITIONS OF VERBS AND OTHER PREDICATE-EXPRESSING WORDS
SPECIFY WHICH SYNTACTIC ELEMENTS THESE CONFIGURATIONS ARE TO BE MATCHED WITH
THEMATIZATION
IT IS THE PROCESS OF ORGANIZING THE ELEMENTS OF THE MESSAGE SO THAT WEIGHT AND EMPHASIS FALL IN APPROPRIATE PLACE
IT IS PERFORMED BY THE NORMAL PROCESS OF MATCHING SEMANTIC WITH SYNTACTIC ELEMENTS
ADVERBIAL ELEMENTS OF SYNTAX ARE MATCHED WITH MODIFYING DOWNGRANDED PREDICATIONS
THE NATURAL RESULT OF THIS MATCHING RULE IS TO TURN A SYNTACTICALLY AWKWARD DIVISION OF THE SENTENCE
PASSIVE SENTENCES
TRANSFORMATIONAL RULES
PARTICLE THERE
DUMMY SUBJECT IT
CONCEPTUAL MEANING
MATCHING FORM TO MEANING
BY MEANS OF A PROCESS
MATCHING A SENTENCE WITH A PARTICULAR SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION
MENTAL DICTIONARY. ENTRIES OF SYNTACTIC FEATURES
COMBINATIOS OF WORDS SYNTACTICALLY AND SEMANTICALLY
BASIC INFORMATION
GRAMMAR, SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC STRUCTURE
VALENCY
THE POTENTIAL THAT A WORD POSSESSES FOR COMBINING WITH OTHER WORDS BOTH SYNTACTICALLY AND SEMANTICALLY.
TRANSITIVE AND INTRASTIVE VERBS