Criminal Cases - Those in which an individual (accused), who has committed an illegal act that inflicts harm on another individual and/or society, it is take to court (prosecuted) by the state government. If an accused is found guilty to committing a crime, they may receive a punishment or penalty, including monetary fines, imprisonment, etc.
Types of Criminal Cases - Criminal offences (crimes) are classified as being summary (simple) offences or indictable offences.
Summary Offences - Summary offences are minor crimes that are generally heard in the Magistrates' Court (local court in NSW). Common types can include theft, speeding, and minor unlawful assault.
Indictable offences are serious crimes that are generally heard in higher courts, such as the District Court & Supreme Court. These can include armed robbery, drug trafficking, serious sexual offences, dangerous driving causing death, and murder. Cases in which an accused pleads not guilty to an indictable offence are generally heard before the judge & jury of twelve persons. The jury determines the verdict as to whether the accused is guilty or innocent & the judge determines the sanction/punishment.