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Mining and minerals - Coggle Diagram
Mining and minerals
Mining and the environment
Open-pit mining
All vegetation is cleared and destroyed.
Animals lose their home and food.
Makes a huge hole in land.
Shaft and deep level mining
Toxic fumes from mines kill animals and plants.
Dirty water is dumped in rivers or just on land where it seeps into the ground and plants that use this water die.
Land is cleared for mine.
Forms of mining
Open-pit mining
Simplest type of mining
Only when minerals are close to surface.
Shaft and deep level mining
Minerals deep below the surface
Digs tunnels called shafts
A lift called a cage takes miners up and down the shafts.
Tunnels are dug from the main shaft to rocks with minerals.
Tailings are taken to surface and dumped on a mine dump.
Miners dig away at rock with
Dynamite
Pickaxes
High pressure water hoses.
Mining and people
Coal and resources in SA