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HOW ENDANGERED ARE OUR SEAS? - Coggle Diagram
HOW ENDANGERED ARE OUR SEAS?
Climate change
THE ANOMALIES
OF THE OCEAN HEAT
The ocean has the greatest
thermal storage capacity on earth.
which contributes to
rising sea levels.
CONSEQUENCES
OF WARMING
The ocean temperature rises
Increasing numbers of coral reefs
bleach and die off
Many marine creatures change
their behaviour
Invasive species spared out and
alter ecosystems
Loss of biological diversity
Overfishing
INTENSE LEVELS OF FISHING
the average catch amounts remain the same while stocks are depleting
Ocean-based industries
ENERGY FROM THE OCEAN
The most important source of energy
worldwide is oil.
30% of oil and natural gas already come
from deposits below the ocean floor.
Deepwater drilling is a method
of exploring for oil and gas sources
multiple fixed position installations
Fixed platforms
Jack-up rigs
Semisubmersible rigs
Drillships
Tender-assist rigs
INCREASE IN OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY
WAVE AND TIDES-ENERGY OF THE FUTURE
Oscillating Water Column (OWC)
The Pivoting Flap Device
Tapered Channel Devices
The Pelamis
Tidal Turbines
RAW MATERIAL RESERVES OF THE DEEP SEA
Oil and gas extraction
Manganese nodules
Volcanogenic massive sulphides
Cobalt crust
possess deposits of valuable minerals in rich
concentrations.
copper, cobalt, nickel, manganese, lead, lithium, titanium, platinum, gold, and zinc.
The International Seabed Authority (ISA)
Polymetallic nodules
Polymetallic sulfides
Cobalt crusts
HARMFUL SHIP EMISSION
Most cargo and cruise ships use heavy metals oils and have no
particular filter.
Sulphur, heavy metals and particulate matter emitted
contribute to health issues, particularly in coastal areas.
A CRUEL CACOPHONY
Increases in shipping traffic and seismic
surveys have seen the level of noise
THE WIRED OCEAN
oceans have been criss-crossed by telecommunications
and electric cables.
The cables emit their own electromagnetic field
The majority of Thailand international bandwidth
rans to either Singapore or Hong Kong
8 international submarine cable
systems landing in Thailand,
Pollution
HOW DOES THE OCEAN BECOME POLLUTED?
The ware of tyres on asphalt produces
around 700,000 M tons of microplastic annually.
500 tons of polyethylene
micro plastic from cosmetics
accidentally spilled or
treated industrial wastewater dumped into river.
80% of all waste waters are poured into rivers without
any form of treatment.
Garbage is disposed of at illegal dumps,cause trash to be
washed into the river systems,
PLASTIC GARBAGE IN THE OCEANS
332 million tons of plastic were produced globally in 2015.
Over 100,000 marine mammals, sea birds and fishes die
annually from consuming plastics
FIVE LARGE GARBAGE PATCHES
estimated that 1.15 to 2.41 million tonnes
of plastic are entering the ocean each year from rivers.
MICROPLASTICS IN THE FOOD CHAIN
Particles up to 5 mm in size that have fallen apart on the
oceans over year, and that attract and bind with persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
delivers them to marine life when
ingested.
contains high concentrations of hazadious chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB).
One litre of oil can contaminate up
to 1 M litres of drinking water.
Every year approximately 2.6 B litres
of oil leak into the oceans.
OIL DAMAGE IN ORGANISMS