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Human Origins - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Needles for sewing
    - - Discovered it from friction
      - Scare away wild animals
      - Keep warm
      - Cook food
  - - - Animal skins to stay warm
      - Protection from available natural shelters, like caves
      - Eventually learned how to make their own shelters
    - - Many lived in caves
      - Needed protection against attacks from large animals
  - - - Lots of animals, few humans
- - - - Population grows at a faster rate
        
        More workers become available
        
        Food surplus
        
        Trade
        
        Specialization of jobs
        
        Roles of men and women change
  - - - Jericho (Israel/Jordan) 8000 BCE
      - Catalhuyuk (Turkey) 6700-5700 BCE
        
        Shrines
- - - - Monarchies
        
        Armies
        
        Control food supplies
        
        Building projects
    - - Explains the forces of nature
      - Explains humans' role in the eorld
      - Ceremonies performed by priests
      - Monarchs claim approval of the gods
    - - Organized into groups
      - Defined by work, wealth and power
      - Bottom were the slaves, usually captured from enemies during war
    - - To keep accurate records and record history
      - Enjoyment
- - - - Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan
  - - - Government
        
        Independent city-states due to harsh landscape isolation
        
        Protected by large stone walls
        
        Individual rulers
        
        sometimes cities would go to war with each other
        
        Started out with priests ruling with the help of important men
        
        Eventually became monarchies
        
        First kings were probably war heroes
        
        Eventually became hereditary
      - Religion
        
        Polytheistic
        
        Each god had influence over a different aspect of life
        
        People honored whichever god would help their activity
      - Writing and Art
        
        The earliest known writing system, Cuneiform
        
        Scribes
        
        Clay tablets for writing
        
        Oldest know written story, The Epic of Gilgamesh
      - Social Structure
        
        Upper class was kings, priests, warriors and government officials
        
        Middle class was merchants, farmers, fishers, and artisans (was the biggest group)
        
        Lowest class was the enslaved people, criminals, and people who had debts
        
        Men and women have different roles
      - Location
        
        Oldest cities: Ur, Uruk, and Eridu
      - Buildings
        
        Ruler's palace
        
        Temples
        
        Ziggurats
      - Economy
        
        Farmers made up most of the population
        
        Trade was important
        
        Skilled metal workers
      - Technology
        
        Were the first to use the wheel
        
        Developed the sailboat for river travel
        
        Studied mathematics and astronomy
        
        The 60 minute hour, the 60 second minute and the 360 degree circle are all Sumerian ideas
        
        12 month calendar